化学法改性煤沥青脱除苯并芘的研究

在管式反应器中采用苯甲酸、聚乙二醇、固体古马隆树脂（S）、液体古马隆树脂（L）为添加剂来降低煤沥青中有害物质苯并芘的含量，以期使得煤沥青可绿色化应用。采用紫外-可见分光光度计分析煤沥青中苯并芘含量。考察了反应温度、反应时间、添加剂添加量、催化剂等工艺条件对添加剂脱除煤沥青中苯并芘的影响。结果表明，不同工艺条件能降低煤沥青中苯并芘的含量。在优化条件下，不同添加剂对苯并芘脱除率由高到低依次为：液体古马隆树脂、聚乙二醇、苯甲酸和固体古马隆树脂。分析其反应机理，这与催化剂的酸性相关，发生亲电取代反应。结果表明，液体古马隆树脂（L）在催化剂存在下对煤沥青中苯并芘脱除率可达73.0%，显示了良好的应用前景。     

Nano-tribological study on a super-hydrophobic film formed on rough aluminium substrates

A novel super-hydrophobic stearic acid (STA) film with a water contact angle of 166^o was prepared by chemical adsorption on aluminum wafer coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) film. The micro-tribological behavior of the super-hydrophobic STA monolayer was compared with that of the polished and PEI-coated Al surfaces. The effect of relative humidity on the adhesion and friction was investigated as well. It was found that the STA monolayer showed decreased friction, while the adhesive force was greatly decreased by increasing the surface roughness of the Al wafer to reduce the contact area between the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and the sample surface to be tested. Thus the friction and adhesion of the Al wafer was effectively decreased by generating the STA monolayer, which indicated that it could be feasible and rational to prepare a surface with good adhesion resistance and lubricity by properly controlling the surface morphology and the chemical composition. Both the adhesion and friction decreased as the relative humidity was lowered from 65% to 10%, though the decrease extent became insignificant for the STA monolayer. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50375151, 50323007, 10225209) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX-SW-L2)     

Dextran-modified iron oxide nanoparticles

Dextran-modified iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation of Fe（Ⅱ） and Fe（Ⅲ） salts with ammonium hydroxide by two methods. Iron oxide was precipitated either in the presence of dextran solution, or the dextran solution was added after precipitation. In the second method, the iron oxide particle size and size distribution could be controlled depending on the concentration of dextran in the solution. The nanoparticles were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Optimal conditions for preparation of stable iron oxide colloid particles were determined, The dextran/iron oxide ratio 0-0,16 used in precipitation of iron salts can be recommended for synthesis of nanoparticles suitable for biomedical applications, as the colloid does not contain excess dextran and does not coagulate.     

CdS改性TiO2光催化剂的制备及结构

在半导体光催化剂中，TiO2具有光催化活性高、无毒和抗光腐蚀性好等优点，但纯TiO2光催化剂直接利用太阳光进行光催化氧化的效率较低，而利用贵金属元素和稀土元素等在TiO2中进行掺杂改性时，改性光催化反应必须在高压汞灯或紫外灯下进行，不符合节能原则。     

石灰石闪蒸改性及脱硫性能的试验研究

本文对3种不同产地的石灰石进行了闪蒸改性处理,对改性石灰石颗粒的孔径分布进行了测定,研究了压力、温度等参数对石灰石闪蒸改性的影响。并在气流反应器上对闪蒸后的样品进行了硫化试验。结果表明,在一定的压力和温度下,闪蒸处理能够增大石灰石颗粒的微孔孔径,并使石灰石样品的脱硫性能得到较大提高。     

Pt-SDB疏水催化剂的研制

基于液相水-氢同位素催化交换的疏水催化剂研究已有近30年历史。从所报道的资料来看，目前用于重水提氚工艺中相转移的疏水催化剂主要集中在Pt-C-PTFE和Pt-SDB两类材料上。前者疏水性好，耐辐照稳定性好，后者催化活性好，但催化剂耐辐照稳定性稍差。拟在特制的SDB疏水材料上制备出催化活性好，性能稳定，满足使用要求的Pt-SDB疏水催化剂。     

疏水吸附法分离纯化α—淀粉酶

本文报道了一种从发酵液中分离纯化α—淀粉酶的新方法。α—淀粉酶发酵液用两种高分子量的絮凝剂澄清,滤液用一种国产吸附树脂吸附,然后用40％乙醇洗脱,所得酶粉的活性约为60000U/g。产率64.22％。     

低噪音摩阻复台材料影响因素的探讨

采用动态粘弹谱仪（ＤＤＶ）、电子扫描显微镜（ＳＥＭ）和摩擦试验机等对影响摩阻复合材料制动噪音的因素进行了探讨。结果表明，摩阻材料基体的合理改性以提高其损耗角正切ｔａｎδ对减少振动、降低噪音行之有效。同时对传统解决噪音的方法，如添加固体润滑剂、橡胶共混等进行了分析比较。     

锂离子电池负极碳材料的表面改性与修饰：Ⅲ,人工施加的固体电解质膜…

研究了人工施加的无机固体电解质体膜对锂碳负极电池性能的影响作用，结果表明碳电极的容量及首次充放电效率相对于未改性电极都得到了一定程度的提高。显示了以这层外界人工施加的晶体膜替代的电极体系本身所形成的钝化膜之有效性，扫描电子显微镜的研究直观地显示了这层人工施加膜的均匀，致密性质。