盾构叠交隧道地层移动分析

用盾构法在软土中建造叠交隧道有一个重要现象：当一条隧道在另一条相邻隧道上方掘进时，在没有欠挖或过量压浆等施工因素的影响下地面仍然会隆起。中对此作了探讨，依据弹性理论提出一个地面隆起变形公式，将该公式与地面沉降的派克(Peck)公式进行叠加，建立了盾构叠交隧道地层移动的数学模型，分析了黄浦江行人观光隧道掘进跨越上海地铁2号线时的地层移动，计算结果与现场测试相符合。     

A driver gas detection device for shock tunnels

A device has been produced which can detect the contamination of the test gas by the driver gas in a reflected shock tunnel. This device monitors the static pressure in a converging duct. The duct is designed to choke at a predetermined contamination level due to the change in the specific heat ratio produced by the contaminants. Experimental results are given for a freestream enthalpy of nominally 6 MJ/kg.     

大速差射流型双一次风通道通用煤粉主燃烧器

本文介绍了一种新型煤粉主燃烧器－双一次风通道通用煤粉主燃烧器。它既保留了大速差射流燃烧技术的优点，又彻底克服了燃烧器内容易局部结焦的缺点，从而由辅助燃烧器（或预燃室）发展成为主燃烧器。具有煤种适应性广，低负荷运行范围大，煤粉着火点位置可控等优点。     

THE ZONAL DISINTEGRATION MECHANISM OF SURROUNDING ROCK AROUND DEEP SPHERICAL TUNNELS UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CONDITION: A NON-EUCLIDEAN CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL

A new non-Euclidean continuum damage model is proposed to investigate the zonal disintegration phenomenon of the surrounding rocks around deep spherical tunnels under hydrostatic pressure condition as well as the total elastic stress field distributions.The elastic stress fields of the surrounding rocks around deep spherical tunnels under hydrostatic pressure condition are obtained.If the elastic stresses of the surrounding rocks satisfy the strength criterion of the deep rock masses,the number,size and location of fractured and nonfractured zones are determined.The efect of physico-mechanical parameters of the surrounding rocks on the zonal disintegration phenomenon is studied and numerical computation is carried out.It is found from numerical results that the number,size and location of fractured and non-fractured zones are sensitive to the physico-mechanical parameters of the surrounding rocks.     

Crystal structure and cation transport properties of the layered monodiphosphates Rb6Bi4(PO4)2(P2O7)3

Single crystals of the new Bi(III) phosphates, Rb₆Bi₄(PO₄)₂(P₂O₇)₃, have been isolated and their structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a=9.077(1)Å, b=9.268(2)Å, c=36.418(6)Å, β=95.75(1)° and Z=8. The crystal structure is made up of BiO₅ and BiO₆ polyhedra sharing the corners with PO₄ tetrahedra and P₂O₇ diphosphate groups. The structure can be described as infinite anionic layers with composition [Bi₄(PO₄)₂(P₂O₇)₃]_∞⁶⁻ parallel to the [301] plane, connected via P-O-Bi bridges to form a three-dimensional open framework. This framework delimits tunnels running along [100] and [010] directions, where the rubidium ions reside. This compound exhibits a rubidium ion conduction but with rather low conductivity value at 640 K.     

Hexagonite: A Hypothetical Organic Zeolite

Elaborating the discrete hydrocarbon molecule bicyclo[2.2.2]-2,5,7-octatriene in three-dimensions, a unique, hypothetical allotrope of carbon is produced. Such a structure possesses a principal 6-fold axis; along this axis are hexagonal, organic tunnels with about a 5.70 Å outside tunnel diameter across opposite vertices, and an actual, inside diameter of 4.16 Å when taking into account the covalent radius of tetrahedral carbon. Across opposite edges, the outside hexagonal tunnel diameter is 4.94 Å, and the inside tunnel diameter is 3.61 Å. These tunnels are lined alternately with hexagonally disposed ethane-like functions and hexagonally disposed ethene-like functions that stack along the tunnel axis. The lattice lies in space group P6/mmm, and it has the Schläfli symbol given by (6, 3^2/5), it is therefore topologically related to the graphite–diamond hybrids. Because of the hexagonal symmetry of the unit cell, and also due to the fact that its polygonality is six, the structure has been given the name hexagonite. There are 10 carbon atoms in the unit of pattern, and the density is 2.50 g/cm³; bordered by the densities of graphite at 2.27 g/cm³ and diamond at 3.56  g/cm³. Its large organic channels, lined with π organic functions, may make it particularly useful as an organic zeolite material, or alternatively as a host lattice for ionic conduction. The electronic band structure of the empty, hexagonal host lattice is described.     

On the treatment of transient area variation in 1D discontinuous Galerkin simulations of train‐induced pressure waves in tunnels

To simulate the pressure wave generated by a train travelling through a tunnel, we implement a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the solution of the one‐dimensional equations of variable area flow. This formulation uses a spatial discretisation via Legendre polynomials of arbitrary degree, and the resulting semi‐discrete system is integrated using an explicit Runge–Kutta scheme. A simulation of subsonic steady flow in a nozzle shows that the scheme produces stable solutions, without the need for artificial dissipation, and that its performance is optimal for polynomial degrees between 5 and 7. However, when dealing with an unsteady area, we report the presence of numerical oscillations that are not due to the steep pressure fronts in the flow but rather to the projection of a moving area, with piecewise continuous derivatives onto a fixed grid. We propose a reformulation of the DG method to eliminate these oscillations that, put in simple terms, amount to splitting the integrals where the derivatives of the cross‐sectional area are discontinuous into subintegrals where they are continuous. The resulting method does not exhibit oscillations, and it is applied here to two practical cases involving train‐induced pressure waves in a tunnel. The first application is a validation of the DG method through comparison of its computational results with pressure data measured during transit at the Patchway tunnel near Bristol (UK). The second application is a study of the influence of the nose shape and length on the pressure wave gradients responsible for sonic boom at tunnel exit portals to show that the proposed modification is able to deal with realistic train shapes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A semi-analytical elastic solution for stress field of lined non-circular tunnels at great depth using complex variable method

In this paper, a semi-analytical elastic plane strain solution was provided for stress field around a lined non-circular tunnel subjected to uniform ground load. Concrete lining and the surrounding rock mass were assumed as linearly elastic materials. Due to complexity of the problem for non-circular geometric configurations, complex variable method introduced by Muskhelishvili and conformal mapping functions were used to determine stress components within concrete lining and the surrounding rock mass. Finally, the solution was validated by ABAQUS finite element software through an example. Very good agreement was demonstrated between semi-analytical and numerical solution although some discrepancies were found at tunnel corners where large curvature existed. It was demonstrated that the solution predicted stress components more accurately around the tunnels, especially the corners with large stress concentration. Practical significance of the solution was placed in the fact that it could be used as a quick-solver with high accuracy.     

爆炸载荷下地下巷道分配层结构的对比分析

为寻找削波效果更好的分配层结构,基于光滑粒子流体动力学-有限元耦合方法SPH-FEM,建立地下巷道爆炸效应分析模型,形成11种不同的模拟方案。将含不同材料的分配层结构的测点应力峰值进行对比,以及从测点应力峰值、能量峰值和拱顶竖向位移的角度来比较不同分配层结构的削波能力,并将爆炸近区测点应力峰值与经验公式进行对比。结果表明,砂土的削波能力要强于泡沫混凝土;分配层中各层材料采用周期循环、波阻抗值递增且相邻材料波阻抗比减小的方式来布置,同时在分配层中加入钢铁,对应力波峰值的衰减和弥散效果最优。爆炸近区的模拟数值与计算值吻合度较高,证明此模拟具有一定的可靠性,可以为军事防护工程的结构设计提供参考。     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescent Properties of TbCu（TeO3）2Cl

TbCu(TeO3)2Cl was obtained in high yield from high temperature solid-state reac-ion of Tb4O7,CuO,CuCl2 and TeO2 in a 1:2:2:8 molar ratio at 710 ℃ in an evacuated quartz tube. Its structure was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystal-lizes in monoclinic,space group P21/c,with a=5.409(2),b=14.994(6),c=9.183(4),β= 98.884(5)°,V=735.8(5) ?3 and Z=4. TbCu(TeO3)2Cl is isostructural with LnCu(TeO3)2X (Ln= Dy,X= Cl; Ln=Er,X=Cl,Br). Its structure features a three-dimensional (3D) network built from Tb(Ⅲ) and Cu(II) ions interconnected by tellurite and chloride anions; the chloride anion and the lone-pair electrons of the tellurium(IV) ions are oriented toward the cavities of the tunnels in the network. Solid-state luminescent spectrum of TbCu(TeO3)2Cl shows a strong emission band at 545 nm with a luminescent life time of 291 μs.