Cyclodextrin Solubilization of the Antibacterial Agents Triclosan and Triclocarban: Effect of Ionization and Polymers

The natural β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and its complexes have limited solubility in aqueous solutions. This low aqueous solubility, as well as low aqueous solubility of the guest molecule (i.e. triclosan or triclocarban (TCC)), can result in low complexation efficiency (CE). The purpose of this study was to enhance the apparent intrinsic solubility (S ₀) of the guest molecule and its βCD complexes through ionization and addition of auxiliary compounds such as polymers, amino acids and metal ions. Both triclosan (pK _a 7.9) and TCC (pK _a 12.7) are weak acids. Addition of ethanol to the complexation medium enhanced S ₀ of both triclosan and TCC but at the same time ethanol lowered the stability constant (K _c ) of their βCD complexes resulting in overall lowering of CE. Addition of small amount of water-soluble polymers enhanced the βCD solubilization of both guests, and addition lysine enhanced the solubilization of TCC. Ionization of triclosan resulted in significant enhancement of CE and enhanced triclosan release from tablets containing triclosan/βCD complex. The effect of ionization was not as pronounced in the case of TCC.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected issue number.     

高效液相色谱法测定游泳池水中三氯卡班、三氯生和甲基三氯生的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定游泳池水中三氯卡班、三氯生和甲基三氯生的含量。样品经HLB固相萃取柱(200mg,6mL)富集,净化,采用PICKERING-C8色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇-水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在检测波长281nm处进行测定。三氯卡班、三氯生和甲基三氯生的质量浓度均在0.025~10mg·L^-1内与其峰面积之间呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.007 5~0.015 mg·L^-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,测得加标回收率为91.4%~104%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.5%~9.3%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定日化产品中的三氯生与三氯卡班

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(UPLC-MS/MS)建立了牙膏、洗手液、消毒液、洗发露、香皂等日化产品中三氯生与三氯卡班的同时分析方法。试样中的待测物经过有机溶剂超声提取,上清液稀释后,经ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱分离,电喷雾负离子多反应检测模式(MRM)测定,外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,三氯生与三氯卡班分别在1～250、0.2～50μg/L范围内呈良好线性(r2>0.995),方法定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.2～0.7、0.01～0.02 mg/kg。3个加标水平下,三氯生与三氯卡班在5种日化产品中的加标回收率为86%～116%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于15%。该方法适用于日化产品中三氯生与三氯卡班的同时测定。     

The Different Facets of Triclocarban: A Review

In the late 1930s and early 1940s, it was discovered that the substitution on aromatic rings of hydrogen atoms with chlorine yielded a novel chemistry of antimicrobials. However, within a few years, many of these compounds and formulations showed adverse effects, including human toxicity, ecotoxicity, and unwanted environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, quickly leading to regulatory bans and phase-outs. Among these, the triclocarban, a polychlorinated aromatic antimicrobial agent, was employed as a major ingredient of toys, clothing, food packaging materials, food industry floors, medical supplies, and especially of personal care products, such as soaps, toothpaste, and shampoo. Triclocarban has been widely used for over 50 years, but only recently some concerns were raised about its endocrine disruptive properties. In September 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned its use in over-the-counter hand and body washes because of its toxicity. The withdrawal of triclocarban has prompted the efforts to search for new antimicrobial compounds and several analogues of triclocarban have also been studied. In this review, an examination of different facets of triclocarban and its analogues will be analyzed.     

Evolution of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) has become a very popular environmentally benign sample-preparation technique, because it is fast, inexpensive, easy to operate with a high enrichment factor and consumes low volume of organic solvent. DLLME is a modified solvent extraction method in which acceptor-to-donor phase ratio is greatly reduced compared with other methods. In this review, in order to encourage further development of DLLME, its combination with different analytical techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) will be discussed. Also, its applications in conjunction with different extraction techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), solidification of floating organic drop (SFO) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are summarized. This review focuses on the extra steps in sample preparation for application of DLLME in different matrixes such as food, biological fluids and solid samples. Further, the recent developments in DLLME are presented. DLLME does have some limitations, which will also be discussed in detail. Finally, an outlook on the future of the technique will be given.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人指甲中的三氯生和三氯卡班

建立了人指甲中三氯生和三氯卡班的固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。指甲样品经氢氧化钠消化,C18柱富集净化后,通过Waters ACQUITY^TM UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) 分离,以甲醇和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用三重四极杆串联质谱仪负离子模式进行检测,同位素内标法定量。三氯生和三氯卡班分别在0.5~500.0 μg/kg和0.1~100.0 μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均为0.999,方法定量限分别为2.0 μg/kg和0.2 μg/kg。3个水平的平均加标回收率为95.9%~110.2%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~9.7%(n=6)。本方法具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性,适合指甲中痕量目标污染物的测定。利用该方法分析了60份实际样品,目标物的检出率为100%,三氯生和三氯卡班的含量范围分别为     

高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中4种有机抗菌防霉试剂

建立了高效液相色谱同时测定纺织品中α-溴代肉桂醛(α-BCA)、2-(4'-噻唑基)苯并咪唑(噻菌灵,TBI)、3,4,4'-三氯均二苯脲(三氯卡班,TCC)、2,4,4'-三氯-2'-羟基二苯醚(三氯生,TCS)的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯超声萃取、浓缩后采用Symmetry C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇-四氢呋喃-20 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液为流动相,体积比60∶20∶20等度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长为230,260,300 nm。结果表明,α-BCA,TBI,TCC,TCS可在15 min内实现分离,并分别在0.2~100,0.2~100,0.1~100,0.3~100 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998 8~0.999 9。样品加标回收率为80.5%~104.9%,相对标准偏差为2.0%~7.2%,该方法对棉布、羊毛羊绒、聚酯纤维3种基体中α-BCA,TBI,TCC,TCS的定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)分别为0.2~0.5,0.2~0.4,0.1~0.2,0.3~0.6 mg/kg。方法简便、高效、准确可靠,应用于市场上纺织品中抗菌成分的测定,结果满意。     

非水毛细管电泳法同时测定消毒剂、个人护理品及药膏中三氯生、三氯卡班和对氯间二甲苯酚

三氯生（TCS）、三氯卡班（TCC）和对氯间二甲苯酚（PCMX）这3种消毒有效成分因广谱杀菌而广泛应用于消毒剂、个人护理品及药品中。为监督这些产品质量、保障消毒效果,非常有必要建立同时分析这3种消毒有效成分的方法。鉴于此,该文以十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB）为电渗流反转剂,建立了同时测定上述3种消毒有效成分的非水毛细管电泳-紫外检测新方法,并对分离缓冲体系及浓度、样品介质等条件进行了优化。结果表明,未涂层熔融石英毛细管（20.0 cm×50.0 μm,总长度30.2 cm）为分离毛细管,14 mmol/L硼砂、2 g/L聚乙二醇20000和0.5 mmol/L DTAB的甲醇溶液为分离缓冲溶液,样品介质为含5 g/L聚乙二醇20000的甲醇-乙腈（50∶50, v/v）,在214 nm下进行检测,实现了3种消毒有效成分的同时分离。在1~100 mg/L范围内,3种消毒有效成分的校正峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r）均大于0.99。方法的检出限（LOD,信噪比为3）为0.2 mg/L,定量限（LOQ,信噪比为10）为1.0 mg/L;加标回收率在94.5%~104.4%范围内,相对标准偏差均小于4.8%。利用研究建立的新方法测定了消毒液、洗手液、婴儿爽身粉、抑菌乳膏共31件样品,并将结果与国家标准方法GB/T 27947-2020和GB/T 34856-2017中的液相色谱法结果相比较,无统计学显著性差异。与国标方法相比,方法极大地减少了有机溶剂消耗量。该法前处理简单,结果准确,非常适合实验室的常规分析。