超高压液相色谱法测定水果和蔬菜中虫螨腈及其代谢物以及在甘蓝中的残留评价应用

建立了采用固相萃取柱净化,超高压液相色谱（UPLC）同时测定蔬菜和水果中虫螨腈及其代谢物溴代吡咯腈残留量的分析方法。方法验证结果表明,在25～5 000 ng·mL－1范围内目标化合物的质量浓度和仪器响应呈良好线性关系,相关系数（r2）为0.997～1.000;在0.05、1、2 mg·kg－1加标水平下,目标化合物的回收率为84.6%～111%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～14%;方法定量下限均为0.05 mg·kg－1。2020年在全国12地开展田间试验,360 g·L－1虫螨腈悬浮剂以20 mL/亩（125.28 g a.i./ha）施药1次,甘蓝中虫螨腈的消解动态符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为4.1～11.0 d。当采样间隔为末次施药后14 d和21 d时,虫螨腈在甘蓝中的残留量分别为小于0.05～0.488 mg·kg－1和小于0.05～0.370 mg·kg－1,溴代吡咯腈的残留量均低于0.05 mg·kg－1。结合我国制定的虫螨腈在甘蓝上的最大残留限量,推荐采收安全间隔期为14 d。膳食风险评估结果表明：普通人群虫螨腈（膳食风险评估定义）的国家估算每日摄入量为1.28 mg,占日允许摄入量的67.7%,对一般人群健康均不会产生不可接受的风险。     

Vectorizing Pro-Insecticide: Influence of Linker Length on Insecticidal Activity and Phloem Mobility of New Tralopyril Derivatives

To improve the proinsecticidal activity and phloem mobility of amino acid–tralopyril conjugates further, nine conjugates were designed and synthesized by introducing glutamic acid to tralopyril, and the length of the linker between glutamic acid and tralopyril ranged from 2 atoms to 10 atoms. The results of insecticidal activity against the third-instar larvae of P. xylostella showed that conjugates 42, 43, 44,and 45 (straight-chain containing 2–5 atoms) exhibited good insecticidal activity, and their LC₅₀ values were 0.2397 ± 0.0366, 0.4413 ± 0.0647, 0.4400 ± 0.0624, and 0.4602 ± 0.0655 mM, respectively. The concentrations of conjugates 43–45 were higher than that of conjugate 42 in the phloem sap at 2 h, and conjugate 43 showed the highest concentration. The introduction of glutamic acid can improve phloem mobility. The in vivo metabolism of conjugates 42 and 43 was investigated in P. xylostella, and the parent compound tralopyril was detected at concentrations of 0.5950 and 0.3172 nmol/kg, respectively. According to the above results, conjugates 42 and 43 were potential phloem mobile pro-insecticide candidates.