Effects of tin(IV) chloride and of organotin compounds on aquatic micro-organisms

The growth response of the alga Chlorella kessleri and the euglenoid Euglena gracilis has been studied as a model system to determine the effects of a tin salt (SnCl₄·5H₂O) and of some organotin (OT) derivatives, namely tetrabutyltin (TeBT), tributyltin (TBT) and tributyltin oxide (TBTO). Abiotic degradation was studied as well. Cells were exposed to a toxicity series (0–50 μg/mL⁻¹) for the four chemicals in seven-day bioassays. Both microorganisms are tolerant of the inorganic salt, but growth inhibition was significant for all OT compounds, and especially large for TBT and TBTO. Although C. kessleri and E. gracilis are known to be tolerant towards metals and organic chemicals, the present results show that both are sensitive to organotin compounds: the inhibition of the growth was greater for C. kessleri. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Synthesis of SnS2 Nanoflakes from Tetrabutyltin Precursor

Hexagonal phase SnS₂ nanoflakes have been synthesized by reactions between an organotin precursor tetrabutyltin [TBT, (CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃)₄Sn] and carbon disulfide in hexanes at 180-200°C for 10-40 h. The structure, morphologies, composition, and properties have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ICP-AES, and Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies. XRD patterns determined the hexagonal SnS₂ with lattice parameters a=3.6384 Å, c=5.9201 Å obtained in n-hexane, and a=3.6389 Å, c=5.9288 Å in cyclohexane. The flakelike morphologies were mainly caused by the anisotropic growth of SnS₂. A possible mechanism is given in the paper.     

介孔分子筛表面丁基锡的制备和性能

在高真空系统中研究了MCM-41介孔分子筛与四丁基锡的反应,并用元素分析、气体容量分析、XRD、FTIR、 ¹³C及 ¹¹⁹Sn MAS NMR和氮气及烃吸附等方法表征了产物的组成、结构和性质。结果表明,MCM-41的表面羟基与四丁基锡能在150℃发生反应,在200℃预脱水处理后的MCM-41上生成组成为(≡Si-O) _xSn(n-Bu) _4-x的表面混合物,而在500℃预脱水处理后的MCM-41上则得到组成为≡Si-O-Sn(n-Bu)₃的表面单接枝物种;表面接枝丁基锡物种导致MCM-41的孔道尺寸变小,表面组成改变,从而引起对烷烃的吸附行为发生变化。