Hybrid organosilazane/organosilylamine telechelic oligomers—I. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy characterization of dimethylsilylethylenediamine oligomers

The detailed characterization of multifunctional hybrid organosilazane/organosilylamine telechelic oligomers by IR and ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy in one and two dimenions has been undertaken. The specific multifunctional oligomers, comprising NH/NH₂ or SiCl functionalities depending on the monomer feed-ratio, were prepared from mono- and di-functionally reacted dichlorodimethylsilane (DDS) and mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-functionally reacted ethylenediamine (EDA). Varying the feed-ratio afforded control of the microstructures of the oligomers and the preparation of oligomers with, in some cases, conterminously located silicon–chlorine (SiCl) groups. The combination of the NMR methods with the IR technique has enabled the detailed microstructural characterization of the oligomers and the identification of the functionalities therein. This approach and the knowledge gained from the DDS/EDA system has been applied to the microstructural characterization of other hybrid organosilazane/silylamine preceramic telechelic oligomers.     

A new synthetic pathway of segmented tri-block copolyether

A new synthetic pathway of A–B–A tri-block copolyether which is composed of a hydrophilic poly(oxyethylene) unit as an A part and a hydrophobic poly(oxy-2-methyl-trimethylene) unit as a B part is proposed. Telechelic α-tosyl-ω-tosyloxypoly(oxy-2-methyl-trimethylene) derived from tosylation of poly(oxy-2-methyl-trimethylene glycol) (PMTG) was allowed to react with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. T_g of the resulting A–B–A tri-block copolyether (PEMG) (M?_n = 1600) was ?72°C and its specific gravity [D₄¹⁵] was 1.055.     

Topological polymer chemistry by dynamic selection from electrostatic polymer self-assembly

A collection of recent developments in topological polymer chemistry is presented. First, topological isomerism occurring on randomly coiled, flexible polymer molecules having cyclic and linear structures is discussed. Second, an electrostatic self-assembly and covalent fixation strategy has been developed for the synthesis of polymeric topological isomers. These isomers have double cyclic, manacle-, and theta-shaped constructions, and are prepared by using either linear or star telechelic polymer precursors having moderately strained cyclic ammonium salt groups, which carry multifunctional carboxylate counteranions. A technique of reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) is demonstrated as an effective means to separate polymers with different topologies, especially polymeric topological isomers. A further extension of topological polymer chemistry has been observed by dynamic selection from electrostatic polymer self-assembly to enable the effective formation of tadpole-shaped, cyclic-linear hybrid topologies.     

Structural diversity in poly(disulfide)s

This article reports a synthetic methodology for single step preparation of telechelic poly(disulfide)s (PDS) by step‐growth polymerization between a di‐thiol and a commercially available monomer 2,2′‐dithiodipyridine in presence of a functional group appended pyridyl disulfide moiety as the “mono‐functional impurity” (MFI). Redox‐destructible well‐defined segmented PDSs with functional chain terminal, predicted and tunable degree of polymerization and narrow polydispersity index (<2.0) could be synthesized under a mild reaction condition. Using an appropriate MFI, PDS could be synthesized with trithiocarbonate chain terminals in a single step, which could be further used as macro chain‐transfer agent (CTA) for chain growth polymerization under RAFT mechanism producing ABA type tri‐block copolymer wherein the B block consists of the degradable PDS chain. By copolymerization between a hydrophobic di‐thiol monomer and a hydroxyl group appended di‐thiol monomer, PDS could be prepared with pendant hydroxyl functional group which was utilized to initiate ring opening polymerization of cyclic lactide monomers producing well‐defined degradable graft‐copolymer. The pendant hydroxyl groups were further utilized to anchor a polar carboxylic group to the degradable PDS backbone which under basic condition showed aqueous self‐assembly generating micelle‐like structure with hydrophobic guest encapsulation ability and glutathione responsive sustained release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 194–202     

光敏感遥爪聚合物C-PDMAEMA的合成及其性能研究

以香豆素二硫化物(C-S-S-C)/三丁基膦复合体系为链转移剂、甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为单体、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂制备了末端为香豆素光响应基元的双亲性遥爪聚合物(C-PDMAEMA). 用FTIR, GPC, ¹H NMR等对该聚合物进行了结构表征. 研究表明该遥爪聚合物可直接在水中形成纳米聚集体|且其香豆素端基可在365 和254 nm交替光照下进行可逆光二聚反应. 同时纳米粒度跟踪(Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS)、透射电镜(TEM)跟踪结果表明, 随香豆素端基光二聚反应的进行, 聚合物纳米聚集体的粒径逐渐增大|反之, 随着光解二聚反应的进行, 该纳米聚集体的粒径逐渐减小.     

Synthesis and ring‐opening polymerizations of novel S‐glycooxazolines

A new 2‐oxazolines containing S‐galactosyl substituents linked to alkyl chains of different lengths; (S‐glycooxazoline) were prepared relatively in high yields. By using a 1:1 adduct of 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline and methyl triflate, as the initiator, the monomer was polymerized via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) to give products with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. Homo‐ and copolymerization were performed, and the kinetics of these new S‐glycooxazolines in the ROP are investigated. After a quantitative deprotection, poly(2‐oxazoline)s having pendant carbohydrate were obtained. The interaction of the poly(S‐glycooxazoline) with RCA₁₂₀ lectin was investigated, the binding constant between glycopolymer and lectin was increased by 10² times compared with that of the monosaccharide (D ‐galactose). The in vivo expression of green fluorescent protein using the synthesized poly(S‐glycooxazoline)s as polymeric inducers in Escherichia coli host were performed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

Chiral and water‐soluble poly(2‐oxazoline)s

We describe the synthesis and characterization of the first water‐soluble and chiral poly(2,4‐disubstituted‐2‐oxazoline)s. While poly(2,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazoline)s are water soluble up to 100 °C, aqueous solutions of poly(2‐ethyl‐4‐methly‐2‐oxazoline) exhibit a lower critical solution temperature. This is discussed in context with its constitutional isomers poly(2‐oxazoline)s and poly(2‐oxazine)s. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed strong Cotton effects, which are also responsive to temperature in aqueous solution. It is therefore hypothesized that structures, comparable to polyproline helices, are formed in aqueous solution. In contrast to polyproline, poly(2,4‐disubstituted‐2‐oxazoline)s are highly water soluble and therefore represent very interesting pseudo‐polypeptides that may be useful to develop responsive biomimetic biomaterials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Synthesis of new amphiphilic and lypophilic polymer networks containing 2‐methyl‐ and 2‐nonyl‐2‐oxazoline by the macroinitiator method

New amphiphilic and lypophilic polymer networks were obtained by the copolymerization of 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline (MeOXA), and/or 2‐nonyl‐2‐oxazoline (NoOXA) and 2,2′‐tetramethylenebis(2‐oxazoline) (BisOXA), respectively, initiating the copolymerization by random copolymers of chloromethylstyrene and methyl methacrylate or of chloromethylstyrene and styrene (macroinitiator method). Potassium iodide was used as an activator agent and the reaction was carried out in benzonitrile at 110 °C. In general, the polymer gels were obtained with a yield of 62 to 88%. The networks were characterized by high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy and by its absorption of polar and nonpolar solvents. In the case of amphiphilic polymer networks, the absorption of solvents depends on the molar ratio of 2‐methyl‐ to 2‐nonyl‐2‐oxazoline inside the polymer network favoring the absorption of polar solvents with a higher content of 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline. These gels showed a maximal swelling degree of 13 mL of water, 20 mL of methanol, and 13 mL of chloroform, respectively, per g of polymer. The lypophilic polymer networks containing only 2‐nonyl‐2‐oxazoline showed a maximal swelling degree of 8 mL of toluene, 14 mL of chloroform, and 2 mL of methanol, respectively, per g of the lypophilic network. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 122–128, 2005