6-Chloro-N,N-Diethyl-1,3,5-Triazine-2,4-Diamine (Simazine) Electrochemical Sensing Chip Based on Biomimetic Recognition Utilizing a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Layer on a Gold Chip

Abstract

Electrochemical sensing chip of 6-chloro-N,N-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (Simazine) was developed on its reductive current. In order to give sensitivity and selectivity to the simazine sensing chip, a gold chip was modified with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for simazine, which is worked as biomimetic recognition element and showed. Using simazine sensing chip, cathodic current of simazine was measured by cyclic voltammetry and the peak current depended on the concentration of simazine. The detection limit was 0.4 µM. Simazine sensing chip was 29 times more sensitive to simazine than bare gold electrode and showed selective response to simazine compared to atrazine and MCC, by the modification with Sim-MIP.     

Determination of Triazine Herbicides and Diuron in Mud from Olive Washing Devices and Soils Using Gas Chromatography with Selective Detectors

Abstract

In the present work, a method for the simultaneous determination of five herbicides, diuron, simazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine and terbutryn by GC‐electron capture detection (ECD) and GC‐thermoionic specific detector (TSD) in soil and mud samples (from olives washing devices) has been developed. Extraction of the herbicides from soil samples was carried out by liquid–solid extraction with ciclohexane/acetone under sonication. In addition, a clean‐up step by solid phase extraction (SPE) using alumina was necessary for mud samples to remove fat residues in the extracts. Spiked soil standards were used for calibration. Limit of detection (LOD) values ranged between 0.2–1.4 ng g^?1 and limit of quantitation (LOQ) between 1.4–2.0 ng g^?1. The precision of the method was satisfactory for all the herbicides analyzed, with RSD values ranging between 7.5%–32.3% and 8.5%–17.8% for 10 and 100 ng g^?1 spiking levels, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked at three spiking levels (10, 50, and 100 ng g^?1) with recovery values ranging from 74.2%–129.1%. In the case of mud samples, mean recovery values (100 ng g^?1 spiking level) were acceptable for diuron (69.5%) and more satisfactory in the case of triazine herbicides (81.0%–123.0%). Diuron and terbuthylazine were the herbicides most frequently detected in the analyzed samples.     

Comparison of the Enrichment Efficiency of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, C18 Silica, and Activated Carbon as the Adsorbents for the Solid Phase Extraction of Atrazine and Simazine in Water Samples

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes with exceptional merits as SPE adsorbents for enrichment of environmental pollutants have absorbed much attention. The goal of this paper was to make a comparison with it and regular adsorbents such as C18 silica and activated carbon in the extraction capacity of atrazine and simazine. The results indicated that multiwalled carbon nanotubes were very suitable for determination of atrazine and simazine because of an enrichment performance similar to that of C18 silica. In contrast, the spiked recovery of simazine was higher than that of atrazine using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as packing material for SPE. However, reverse results were obtained when the extraction was performed with packing of C18 silica. Moreover, as the extraction of simazine was concerned, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were much better than C18 silica. As for the enrichment of atrazine, C18 silica achieved greater extraction factor than multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Activated carbon did not give the expected extraction efficiency because of its large size and blank volume and less active sites for adsorption. All these experimental results indicated that multiwalled carbon nanotubes could be used as a valuable alternative adsorbent for SPE of atrazine and simazine in many real water samples.     

Preparation,Homogeneity and Stability of Polar Pesticides in Freeze-Dried Water Interlaboratory Exercise

Abstract

An interlaboratory exercise was carried out to improve the state of the art of some polar pesticide determination in water (atrazine, simazine, carbaryl, propanil, linuron, fenamiphos and permethrin). The preparation, the homogeneity and the stability of freeze-dried water samples containing the above pesticides was studied. The final concentration of each pesticide in water was in the 50–80 μg.^?1 range with a salt content of 2.5 g.l^?1 of NaCl. After the lyophilization the residue was reho-mogenised, filled into amber glass bottles and stored at -20 °C and +20 °C. Every three months, one sample was analysed to verify the stability of the residue.

All pesticides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) except permethrin which was determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD).

The results obtained show that the atrazine, carbaryl, propanil, linuron and fenamiphos samples were homogeneously distributed, whereas simazine and permethrin were not. With respect to the stability over three months, all pesticides were stable at ?20 °C. Atrazine, simazine, carbaryl, propanil and linuron are also stable for the maximum storage time at +20 °C but the concentration of fenamiphos decreased by about 70% after one month.

The results obtained in the interlaboratory study by the participants were in good agreement for many of the pesticides.     

农药西玛津与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用

在生理条件(pH 7.4)下,以吖啶橙(AO)为荧光探针,运用荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱、圆二光谱(CD)和傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)并结合熔点、粘度及盐效应实验,研究了西玛津与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用。结果显示,随着溶液中西玛津的浓度增大,DNA-AO复合物的荧光逐渐被猝灭,表明西玛津与AO发生了部分置换作用,而且西玛津的存在使得DNA的熔点和粘度增大,由此推断西玛津与DNA发生嵌插结合。此外,FT-IR光谱分析和盐效应结果表明西玛津与DNA还存在静电结合。计算出的热力学参数表明,疏水作用力是西玛津与DNA结合反应的主要驱动力。