Phospholipid lung surfactant and nanoparticle surface toxicity: Lessons from diesel soots and silicate dusts

Because of their small size, the specific surface areas of nanoparticulate materials (NP), described as particles having at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm, can be large compared with micrometer-sized respirable particles. This high specific surface area or nanostructural surface properties may affect NP toxicity in comparison with micrometer-sized respirable particles of the same overall composition. Respirable particles depositing on the deep lung surfaces of the respiratory bronchioles or alveoli will contact pulmonary surfactants in the surface hypophase. Diesel exhaust ultrafine particles and respirable silicate micrometer-sized insoluble particles can adsorb components of that surfactant onto the particle surfaces, conditioning the particles surfaces and affecting their in vitro expression of cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. Those effects can be particle surface composition-specific. Effects of particle surface conditioning by a primary component of phospholipid pulmonary surfactant, diacyl phosphatidyl choline, are reviewed for in vitro expression of genotoxicity by diesel exhaust particles and of cytotoxicity by respirable quartz and aluminosilicate kaolin clay particles. Those effects suggest methods and cautions for assaying and interpreting NP properties and biological activities.     

粉防己碱拮抗α-石英细胞毒性的机理

借助于单细胞阳离子测定系统研究了α-石英诱发细胞毒性过程中,不同外钙浓度时粉防己碱作用后,细胞存活率与胞浆游离钙浓度的变化关系。研究发现粉防己碱可以通过阻断细胞离子通道,拮抗α-石英的细胞毒性。     

卵磷脂抗石英毒作用的研究

本文采用家兔肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)体外培养法,以细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca~(2+)]_i)、细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性为指标,观察了卵磷脂、脑磷脂及现用防治硅肺药物克矽平(PVPNO)、柠檬酸铝等抗石英毒效果。结果表明:卵磷脂在所试各药物中效果最佳.初步探讨了卵磷脂拮抗石英细胞毒性的机理.卵磷脂有成为防治硅肺药物的可能性.     

Modelling silicosis: Existence,uniqueness and basic properties of solutions

We present a model for the silicosis disease mechanism following the original proposal by Tran et al. (1995), as modified recently by da Costa et al. (2020). The model consists in an infinite ordinary differential equation system of coagulation–fragmentation–death type. Results of existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence on the initial data and differentiability of solutions are proved for the initial value problem.     

硅肺发病前期肺中钙量的变化

硅肺发病前期肺钙变化的研究是探索Ca~(2 )在硅肺发生中的作用的重要内容。本文以离子选择性电极和Tb~(3 )-荧光光谱法首次检测了硅肺大鼠发病前期肺组织的钙量。结果表明:大鼠在染尘后3.5-14天,肺游离[Ca~(2 )]显著升高;肺[Ca~(2 )]的上升部分来自肺组织线粒体Ca~(2 )的释放。     

肺Ca2+含量与硅肺的关系

本文用离子选择电极测定了实验性诱发硅肺大鼠的肺、脑、肾、肝和血清中的[Ca~(2+)]、[K~+]和[Na~+],还以荧光探针Tb~(3+)探讨了Ca~(2+)的作用。在硅肺形成后,大鼠的肺、脑、肾、肝和血清等组织中的游离[Ca~(2+)]均发生变化。荧光探针表明:硅肺大鼠肺Ca~(2+)增加部分来自线粒体Ca~(2+)的释放硅肺。大鼠肺中游离Ca~(2+)和线粒体Ca~(2+)的变化可能与巨噬细胞的损伤有关。     

Laser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry (Lamms) Of Coal Mine Dusts: Single Particle Analysis And Toxicity Correlation

Abstract

The lack of clearcut correlations between toxicity of most samples of particulate airborne matter and conventional physico-chemical data may widely be ascribed to the heterogeneity of such materials. A “single particle approach” is necessary to take account of heterogeneity down to the level of individual particles. The present study illustrates the analytical capabilities of LAser Microprobe Mass Spectrometry (LAMMS) for characterizing individual particles. The concept of “exogen” and “endogen” mixtures are presented and applied to the mineral matter of coal mine dusts. Toxicological relevance of the results are discussed as compared to conventional mineralogical data. This approach sheds new light on the specific harmfulness of coal mine dusts.     

杂多阴离子SiW11对硅肺发生的抑制作用

本文观察了口服和雾化吸入ＳｉＷ（１１）杂多阴离子对实验性大鼠硅肺的防治作用及其病理形态变化，测定了大鼠肺匀浆中游离［Ｃａ（２＋）］及羟脯氨酸含量、肺泡无细胞灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中乳酸脱氨酶（ＬＤＨ）含量及酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）活性和血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）值．结果表明：ＳｉＷ（１１）杂多阴离子对石英的致硅肺作用有一定抑制效果．本文还初步讨论了这种抑制作用的原因．     

陶工尘肺辅助性诊断的方法研究——测定发中微量元素 建立判别方程

测定了陶工Ｉ期尘肺患者的头发中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｓｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｇ７种金属元素，用陶工可疑患者作对照，建立Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ判别方程，对陶工尘肺进行判别。自身回代正确率９４．４４％，前瞻性回代达８３．３３％，各其流行病学指标计算均属良好。     

Phospholipid monolayers

Summary The action of polymerized silicic acid on lecithin and cephalin monolayers brings about changes in its physical state, molecular area, and pressure of collapse. These changes are more notable in the case of lecithins, varying not only with the substrate pH, but also with the length of the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids that esterify glycerol in the molecules of these substances. The different actions observed between silicic acid and the lecithin and cephalin monolayers are explained with the help of different models.With 11 figures