全文获取类型
收费全文 | 28396篇 |
免费 | 1584篇 |
国内免费 | 4523篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 24496篇 |
晶体学 | 1073篇 |
力学 | 369篇 |
综合类 | 236篇 |
数学 | 3753篇 |
物理学 | 4576篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 38篇 |
2023年 | 242篇 |
2022年 | 964篇 |
2021年 | 916篇 |
2020年 | 741篇 |
2019年 | 675篇 |
2018年 | 535篇 |
2017年 | 691篇 |
2016年 | 770篇 |
2015年 | 702篇 |
2014年 | 982篇 |
2013年 | 2049篇 |
2012年 | 1601篇 |
2011年 | 1691篇 |
2010年 | 1710篇 |
2009年 | 1977篇 |
2008年 | 2047篇 |
2007年 | 1911篇 |
2006年 | 1855篇 |
2005年 | 1607篇 |
2004年 | 1530篇 |
2003年 | 1298篇 |
2002年 | 1085篇 |
2001年 | 838篇 |
2000年 | 835篇 |
1999年 | 637篇 |
1998年 | 622篇 |
1997年 | 527篇 |
1996年 | 460篇 |
1995年 | 455篇 |
1994年 | 405篇 |
1993年 | 384篇 |
1992年 | 336篇 |
1991年 | 245篇 |
1990年 | 144篇 |
1989年 | 174篇 |
1988年 | 150篇 |
1987年 | 105篇 |
1986年 | 69篇 |
1985年 | 74篇 |
1984年 | 94篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 47篇 |
1981年 | 62篇 |
1980年 | 52篇 |
1979年 | 39篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 22篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
提出用溶胶粒子表面修饰方法,结合溶胶凝胶技术制备无机催化膜.该方法的基本原理是利用合适的金属配合物在胶粒表面的吸附作用,经溶胶凝胶过程,将活性组分结合到无机膜中.实验测定结果表明:(NiEDTA)2-,VO-3,MoO2-4,(Pd(NH3)4)2+,PdCl2-4,PtCl2-6和RhCl3-6可用来修饰AlOOH溶胶.以Pd/γAl2O3催化膜的制备为例,经三次溶胶凝胶过程,可制得无裂缺的厚度为9μm的Pd/γAl2O3催化膜,膜材料的平均孔直径为6nm,Pd被均匀地分布在膜的顶层,其平均粒径为23nm. 相似文献
3.
Shougo Higashi 《Surface science》2006,600(3):591-597
We have studied the individual adsorption of Mn and Bi, and their coadsorption on Cu(0 0 1) by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). For Mn, we have determined the c(2 × 2) structure formed at 300 K, whose structure had been determined by several methods. We reconfirmed by a tensor LEED analysis that it is a substitutional structure and that a previously reported large corrugation (0.30 Å) between substitutional Mn and remaining surface Cu atoms coincides perfectly with the present value. In the individual adsorption of Bi, we have found a c(4 × 2) structure, which is formed by cooling below ∼250 K a surface prepared by Bi deposition of ∼0.25 ML coverage at 300 K where streaky half-order LEED spots appear. The c(4 × 2) structure has been determined by the tensor LEED analysis at 130 K and it is a substitutional structure. In the coadsorption, we found a c(6 × 4) structure, which has been determined by the tensor LEED analysis. It is very similar to the previously determined structure of the c(6 × 4) formed by coadsorption of Mg and Bi, and embedded MnBi4 clusters are arranged in the top Cu layer instead of MgBi4. Large lateral displacements of Bi atoms in the c(6 × 4)-(Mn + Bi) suggest that the Mn atoms undergo the size-enhancement caused by their large magnetic moment. 相似文献
4.
5.
甲基紫掺杂聚乙烯醇薄膜材料在两束相干光照射下生成相位光栅.当改变一束相干光光程,通过监测相位光栅的一级衍射信号强度的变化,可以检测相位光栅的生长和擦除过程.在此实验基础上,讨论了甲基紫掺杂聚乙烯醇薄膜材料多重全息存储的原理与结果. 相似文献
6.
沈有根 《中国科学A辑(英文版)》2002,45(3):400-408
Using the membrane model which is based on brick wall model, we calculated the free energy and entropy of Garfinkle-Horne dilatonic black hole due to arbitrary spin fields. The result shows that the entropy of scalar field and the entropy of Fermionic field have similar formulas. There is only a coefficient between them. 相似文献
7.
本文首先将文[1]中的BLD映射推广为弱(L1,L2)-BLD映射,并证明了如下正则性结果:存在两个可积指数 P1=P1(n,L1,L2)<n<q1=q1(n,L1,L2),使得对任意弱(L1,L2)-BLD映射f∈(Ω,Rn),都有f∈(Ω,Rn),即f为(L1,L2)-BLD映射. 相似文献
8.
Rhodium catalysts have been prepared on palygorskite and montmorillonite (clay) supports by reduction with hydrogen (1 atmosphere) at room temperature of a cationic organometallic rhodium compound anchored to the support. The activity of these catalysts for the hydrogenation of liquid-phase 1-hexene remains constant with increase of prehydrogenation time and with re-use for several runs. No rhodium leaching is observed. 相似文献
9.
细菌内毒素(LPS)是革兰氏阳性阴性菌细胞外膜层的主要成分,由其引起的革兰氏阴性杆菌脓度症和休克是导致战创伤病人死亡的主要原因之一。而从类脂A(LipidA)的结构出发,以非肽类物质拮抗内毒素受体CD-14为治疗手段的研究在国外刚刚起步。2-乙酰氨基-3,4,6-三乙酰葡萄糖是合成LipidA结构类似物的重要中间体[1,2]。它的合成一般是通过氨基葡萄糖五乙酸酯的选择性水解[3-6]脱去一个乙酰基得到。氨基葡萄糖五乙酸酯是通过氨基葡萄糖的乙酰化反应得到的,由于氨基葡萄糖不稳定,一般是用氨基葡萄糖的盐酸盐作为起始原料。由于… 相似文献
10.
Anuj Mittal Swaminathan Sivaram 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(21):4996-5008
A tridentate ligand, BPIEP: 2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine, having central pyridine unit and two peripheral imine coordination sites was effectively employed in controlled/“living” radical polymerization of MMA at 90°C in toluene as solvent, CuIBr as catalyst, and ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator resulting in well‐defined polymers with polydispersities Mw/Mn ≤ 1.23. The rate of polymerization follows first‐order kinetics, kapp = 3.4 × 10?5 s?1, indicating the presence of low radical concentration ([P*] ≤ 10?8) throughout the reaction. The polymerization rate attains a maximum at a ligand‐to‐metal ratio of 2:1 in toluene at 90°C. The solvent concentration (v/v, with respect to monomer) has a significant effect on the polymerization kinetics. The polymerization is faster in polar solvents like, diphenylether, and anisole, as compared to toluene. Increasing the monomer concentration in toluene resulted in a better control of polymerization. The molecular weights (Mn,SEC) increased linearly with conversion and were found to be higher than predicted molecular (Mn,Cal). However, the polydispersity remained narrow, i.e., ≤1.23. The initiator efficiency at lower monomer concentration approaches a value of 0.7 in 110 min as compared to 0.5 in 330 min at higher monomer concentration. The aging of the copper salt complexed with BPIEP had a beneficial effect and resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersitities and higher conversion. PMMA obtained at room temperature in toluene (33%, v/v) gave PDI of 1.22 (Mn = 8500) in 48 h whereas, at 50°C the PDI is 1.18 (Mn = 10,300), which is achieved in 23 h. The plot of lnkapp versus 1/T gave an apparent activation energy of polymerization as (ΔE≠app) 58.29 KJ/mol and enthalpy of equilibrium (ΔH0eq) to 28.8 KJ/mol. Reverse ATRP of MMA was successfully performed using AIBN in bulk as well as solution. The controlled nature of the polymerization reaction was established through kinetic studies and chain extension experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4996–5008, 2005 相似文献