Dynamics of Bacteriorhodopsin in the Dark-Adapted State from Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

To achieve efficient proton pumping in the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR), the protein must be tightly coupled to the retinal to rapidly convert retinal isomerization into protein structural rearrangements. Methyl group dynamics of bR embedded in lipid nanodiscs were determined in the dark-adapted state, and were found to be mostly well ordered at the cytosolic side. Methyl groups in the M145A mutant of bR, which displays only 10 % residual proton pumping activity, are less well ordered, suggesting a link between side-chain dynamics on the cytosolic side of the bR cavity and proton pumping activity. In addition, slow conformational exchange, attributed to low frequency motions of aromatic rings, was indirectly observed for residues on the extracellular side of the bR cavity. This may be related to reorganization of the water network. These observations provide a detailed picture of previously undescribed equilibrium dynamics on different time scales for ground-state bR.     

原子力显微镜在生物物理领域的新应用

介绍了原子力显微镜在生物物理领域的最新应用:蛋白质去折叠、DNA拉伸、生物膜受力,通过分析实验得到的力谱,可以获取关于蛋白质、DNA、生物膜结构信息.原子力显微镜不仅能反映测量体系的力学性质,由于其具有独特的时间、空间分辨及实时成像,因而能提供更多信息.     

Simulation of the Action of a Permeable Barrier on an Ideal Incompressible Channel Flow

Plane ideal incompressible flow in a rectangular channel partitioned by a thin permeable barrier (lattice) is considered. In flowing through the lattice the stream suddenly (jumpwise) changes direction and loses energy. The flow is assumed to be vortical; the vorticity is discontinuous on the lattice. A mathematical formulation of the problem for the stream function is proposed in the form of a nonlinear elliptic equation with coefficients discontinuous on the lattice line. A numerical solution is constructed using the finite-element iteration method. The results of the numerical simulation show how the flow velocity profile in the channel can be controlled by means of permeable barriers.     

瓣形均匀带电面在其直径处的电势分布

从点电荷的电势计算公式出发推导出了瓣形均匀带电面在其直径处的电势分布.进一步讨论了均匀带电半球面在其底面以及均匀带电球面内部和外部的电势分布.     

Calibrating software reliability models when the test environment does not match the user environment

Software failures have become the major factor that brings the system down or causes a degradation in the quality of service. For many applications, estimating the software failure rate from a user's perspective helps the development team evaluate the reliability of the software and determine the release time properly. Traditionally, software reliability growth models are applied to system test data with the hope of estimating the software failure rate in the field. Given the aggressive nature by which the software is exercised during system test, as well as unavoidable differences between the test environment and the field environment, the resulting estimate of the failure rate will not typically reflect the user‐perceived failure rate in the field. The goal of this work is to quantify the mismatch between the system test environment and the field environment. A calibration factor is proposed to map the failure rate estimated from the system test data to the failure rate that will be observed in the field. Non‐homogeneous Poisson process models are utilized to estimate the software failure rate in both the system test phase and the field. For projects that have only system test data, use of the calibration factor provides an estimate of the field failure rate that would otherwise be unavailable. For projects that have both system test data and previous field data, the calibration factor can be explicitly evaluated and used to estimate the field failure rate of future releases as their system test data becomes available. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

与HBV X蛋白相互作用的细胞蛋白的筛选及其鉴定

参考GenBank核苷酸序列库中的HBV的核苷酸序列设计合成了一对对应于HBx基因的引物，从原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC)患者的血清中提取HBV基因组DNA作为模板，扩增HBx编码区并测定了核苷酸序列．将该编码区克隆到酵母双杂交系统的诱饵蛋白表达载体pGBKT7中，转入酵母细胞AH109，进行表型鉴定．然后通过Mating实验从已制备好用于酵母双杂交系统的肝cDNA表达文库中筛选与HBx相互作用的细胞蛋白，并用体外免疫共沉淀实验进一步验证．研究表明，分离得到的与HBx基因编码的蛋白相互作用的4种新的细胞蛋白，分别是醛缩酶B、C8α亚基、一种丝氨酸蛋白酶Hepsin和一种未知蛋白．     

On the counting function of the lattice profile of periodic sequences

The lattice profile analyzes the intrinsic structure of pseudorandom number sequences with applications in Monte Carlo methods and cryptology. In this paper, using the discrete Fourier transform for periodic sequences and the relation between the lattice profile and the linear complexity, we give general formulas for the expected value, variance, and counting function of the lattice profile of periodic sequences with fixed period. Moreover, we determine in a more explicit form the expected value, variance, and counting function of the lattice profile of periodic sequences for special values of the period.     

双氯芬酸钠与牛血清白蛋白结合反应的特征

在模拟人体生理条件下,采用荧光光谱和紫外 可见吸收光谱法研究了双氯芬酸钠与牛血清白蛋白的结合反应.实验结果显示,双氯芬酸钠对牛血清白蛋白有较强的荧光猝灭作用,该猝灭过程主要为静态荧光猝灭过程;二者结合常数KLB=2.167×105mol·L-1;二者的结合位置距212位色氨酸2.13nm;同时,由结合反应的热力学参数得出二者作用力主要是氢键或VanderWall's力.     

Radiotracer studies of the antitumor metallocene molybdocene dichloride with biomolecules

Neutron irradiation of Cp₂MoCl₂ for 24 h afforded the radiotracer Cp₂⁹⁹MoCl₂ which was characterised by UV–Vis spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography. Binding experiments with the thiol containing protein human serum albumin (HSA) or calf thymus DNA, were monitored for ⁹⁹Mo using a gamma counter. Under the conditions investigated, molar ratios of binding of 0.2:1 (Cp₂MoCl₂:DNA) and 9.4:1 (Cp₂MoCl₂:HSA) were calculated. The results are consistent with in vitro coordination studies that have shown strong preferential interaction of Cp₂MoCl₂ with thiols versus other donor sites in biomolecules including DNA.