Real‐Time In Vivo Detection of Cellular Senescence through the Controlled Release of the NIR Fluorescent Dye Nile Blue

In vivo detection of cellular senescence is accomplished by using mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with the NIR‐FDA approved Nile blue (NB) dye and capped with a galactohexasaccharide ( S3 ). NB emission at 672 nm is highly quenched inside S3 , yet a remarkable emission enhancement is observed upon cap hydrolysis in the presence of β‐galactosidase and dye release. The efficacy of the probe to detect cellular senescence is tested in vitro in melanoma SK‐Mel‐103 and breast cancer 4T1 cells and in vivo in palbociclib‐treated BALB/cByJ mice bearing breast cancer tumor.     

Fisetin as a Senotherapeutic Agent: Biopharmaceutical Properties and Crosstalk between Cell Senescence and Neuroprotection

Like other organs, brain functions diminish with age. Furthermore, for a variety of neurological disorders—including Alzheimer’s disease—age is one of the higher-risk factors. Since in many Western countries the average age is increasing, determining approaches for decreasing the effects of aging on brain function is taking on a new urgency. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are two convoluted key factors in brain aging and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The diverseness of factors, causing an age-related decrease in brain functions, requires identifying small molecules that have multiple biological activities that can affect all these factors. One great source of these small molecules is related to polyphenolic flavonoids. Recently, 3,3′,4′,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (fisetin) has been reported as a potent senotherapeutic capable of extending lifespan by reducing peroxidation levels and enhancing antioxidant cell responses. The neuroprotective effects of fisetin have been shown in several in vitro and in vivo models of neurological disorders due to its actions on multiple pathways associated with different neurological disorders. The present work aims to collect the most recent achievements related to the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of fisetin. Moreover, in silico pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity of fisetin are also comprehensively described along with emerging novel drug delivery strategies for the amelioration of this flavonol bioavailability and chemical stability.     

叶片衰老影响木兰科植物聚类的FTIR研究

傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结合聚类分析技术应用于木兰科植物不同亚族分类,研究了叶片衰老对聚类分析效果的影响。测试了木兰科三个亚族14种植物的幼叶、成叶、老黄叶红外光谱,结果显示三个亚族植物叶片红外光谱差异不大;同种植物叶片不同生长期的红外光谱吸收峰位置基本一致,但一些特征峰的峰强有变化;用1 800～700 cm-1范围二阶导数光谱结合聚类分析,发现成叶二阶导数光谱聚类分析能够正确对样品分类,幼叶和老黄叶二阶导数谱聚类分析效果不如成叶,说明叶片衰老过程化学成分变化影响聚类分析效果,聚类分析时取成叶样品为好。     

WWOX Modulates ROS-Dependent Senescence in Bladder Cancer

The tumor-suppressor gene, WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), has been found to be lost in various types of cancers. ROS result as a tightly regulated signaling process for the induction of cell senescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of WWOX in the regulation of ROS and cell senescence, which is intriguing in terms of the possible mechanism of WWOX contributing to bladder cancer. In this study, we used the AY-27 rat bladder tumor cell line and F344 orthotopic bladder tumor models to reveal the pro-senescence effects of WWOX and the corresponding underlying mechanism in bladder cancer. WWOX-overexpressing lentivirus (LV-WWOX) remarkably stimulated cellular senescence, including increased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) formation, enlarged cellular morphology, and induced SA-β-Gal-positive staining. A further mechanism study revealed that the pro-senescence effect of LV-WWOX was dependent on increased intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which subsequently triggered p21/p27. Moreover, LV-WWOX significantly inhibited the tumor size by 30.49% in the F344/AY-27 rat orthotopic model (p < 0.05) by activating cellular senescence. The expression of p21 was significantly enhanced in the orthotopic bladder tumors under WWOX treatment. The orthotopic bladder tumors in the groups of rats verified the effect in vivo. Our study suggests that WWOX, an ROS-dependent senescence-induced gene, could be further studied for its therapeutic implications in bladder cancer.     

Real-Time In Vivo Detection of Cellular Senescence through the Controlled Release of the NIR Fluorescent Dye Nile Blue

In vivo detection of cellular senescence is accomplished by using mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with the NIR-FDA approved Nile blue (NB) dye and capped with a galactohexasaccharide ( S3 ). NB emission at 672 nm is highly quenched inside S3 , yet a remarkable emission enhancement is observed upon cap hydrolysis in the presence of β-galactosidase and dye release. The efficacy of the probe to detect cellular senescence is tested in vitro in melanoma SK-Mel-103 and breast cancer 4T1 cells and in vivo in palbociclib-treated BALB/cByJ mice bearing breast cancer tumor.     

Camellia Seed Cake Extract Supports Hair Growth by Abrogating the Effect of Dihydrotestosterone in Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells

Autocrine and paracrine factors play key roles in the process of Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), which are secreted by balding dermal papilla cells (DPCs) after dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induction. Camellia seed cake is an oriental oil extraction byproduct, and its extract has been traditionally used to wash hair in China. This study elucidated the hair growth-promoting effects of Camellia seed cake extract (CSCE) in DHT-treated cultured DPCs and its underlying mechanisms. The effect of CSCE on cell viability and release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1α was performed on human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) incubated with DHT. Relative expression of bax, bcl-2, p53, androgen receptor (AR) and 5α- reductase type II (SRD5A2) was determined by PCR. Senescence-associated was examined by β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) assays. CSCE restored DHT-induced cell damage in a dose-dependent manner, and effectively reduced the production of IL-6 and IL-1α in DHT-treated DPCs. CSCE exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect, which increased the expression of bcl-2, and decreased the expressions of bax and p53 in DHT-incubated DPCs. CSCE also showed an anti-androgenic effect reversing the increase in AR and SRD5A2 expressions in DPCs driven by DHT incubation. In addition, CSCE inhibited the β-galactosidase enzyme activity and slowed down the cell senescence of DPCs which is crucial for AGA progression. In this study, we found that CSCE may have the potential to prevent and alleviate AGA by abrogating the effect of DHT in cultured DPCs.     

PP_(333)对大麦离体叶片衰者生理的影响

PP_(333)是一种三唑类生长延缓剂,对多种农作物有延缓生长的作用.在大麦叶片离体情况下,低浓废PP_(333)(2—5ppm)能延缓大麦离体叶片的衰老进程,其作用类似于6-BA;相反在高浓废时(25ppm)则又明显地加速大麦离休叶的衰老,具有同ABA类似的效应.PP_(333)虽然是一种生长延缓剂,但其低浓废时有延缓叶片衰老的功能.因此,在田间生产上可用来延缓农作物生长后期功能叶衰老进程,其应用的可能性值得进一步研究.     

LaCl3对欧洲李(Prunus domestica) GF43试管苗根系生长及衰老作用的影响

研究了2.5 μmol·L-1 LaCl3在GF43试管苗根系生长及衰老过程中的作用. 结果表明, LaCl3可促进GF43试管苗根系生长及干物质积累, 显著提高超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等抗氧化酶活性, 降低超氧阴离子自由基(·O-2)产生速率、丙二醛(MDA)含量和膜透性, 对细胞膜结构具有稳定作用, 从而延缓试管苗根系的衰老进程. 此研究对解决核果类果树工厂化育苗过程中的生根及移栽问题具有一定的参考价值.     

Therapeutic Effects of Gallic Acid in Regulating Senescence and Diabetes; an In Vitro Study

Gallic acid (GA), a plant-derived ubiquitous secondary polyphenol metabolite, can be a useful dietary supplement. This in vitro study’s primary purpose was to assess the anti-aging properties of GA using rat embryonic fibroblast (REF) cells, antidiabetic effects via pancreatic islet cells, and finally, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this natural compound. REF and islet cells were isolated from fetuses and pancreas of rats, respectively. Then, several senescence-associated molecular and biochemical parameters, along with antidiabetic markers, were investigated. GA caused a significant decrease in the β-galactosidase activity and reduced inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in REF cells. GA reduced the G0/G1 phase in senescent REF cells that led cells to G2/M. Besides, GA improved the function of the β cells. Flow cytometry and spectrophotometric analysis showed that it reduces apoptosis via inhibiting caspase-9 activity. Taken together, based on the present findings, this polyphenol metabolite at low doses regulates different pathways of senescence and diabetes through its antioxidative stress potential and modulation of mitochondrial complexes activities.