Combustion properties of H2/N2/O2/steam mixtures

The present work reports new experimental and numerical results of the combustion properties of hydrogen based mixtures diluted by nitrogen and steam. Spherical expanding flames have been studied in a spherical bomb over a large domain of equivalence ratios, initial temperatures and dilutions at an initial pressure of 100 kPa (T_ini = 296, 363, 413 K; N₂/O₂ = 3.76, 5.67, 9; %Steam = 0, 20, 30). From these experiments, the laminar flame speed $S_L^0$, the Markstein length L’, the activation energy Ea and the Zel'dovich β number have been determined. These parameters were also simulated using COSILAB^® in order to verify the validity of the Mével et al. [1] detailed kinetic mechanism. Other parameters as the laminar flame thickness δ and the effective Lewis number Le_eff were also simulated. These new results aim at providing an extended database that will be very useful in the hydrogen combustion hazard assessment for nuclear reactor power plant new design.     

含气率对PTS时压力容器内流动与传热的影响

本文对反应堆压力容器紧急安注时的流动与传热特性在1/10的模型上进行了流动可视化、局部传热系数以及混合函数的试验研究。针对三个热冲击敏感区域的部分测点,比较了环腔流速为0.5m/s、安注流速为1～30 m/s时不同含气率对下降环腔内流动与传热特性的影响,得出并分析了不同测点传热系数、混合函数的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着含气率增大,安注流体与环腔流体的混合增强;下降环腔内的含气率对小安注流速时的流动与传热影响显著,而对大安注流速时影响较小。     

Challenging Students to View the Concept of Area in Triangles in a Broad Context: Exploiting the Features of Cabri-II

This study focuses on the constructions in terms of area and perimeter in equivalent triangles developed by students aged 12–15 years-old, using the tools provided by Cabri-Geometry II [Labore (1990). Cabri-Geometry (software), Université de Grenoble]. Twenty-five students participated in a learning experiment where they were asked to construct: (a) pairs of equivalent triangles “in as many ways as possible” and to study their area and their perimeter using any of the tools provided and (b) “any possible sequence of modifications of an original triangle into other equivalent ones”. As regards the concept of area and in contrast to a paper and pencil environment, Cabri provided students with different and potential opportunities in terms of: (a) means of construction, (b) control, (c) variety of representations and (d) linking representations, by exploiting its capability for continuous modifications. By exploiting these opportunities in the context of the given open tasks, students were helped by the tools provided to develop a broader view of the concept of area than the typical view they would construct in a typical paper and pencil environment.     

论大学物理实验体系建设与教学改革

传统的物理实验是按普通物理、电子线路和近代物理等内容进行划分，这种体系突出了学科的系统性，但忽视了学科之间的兼容互补性，各学科相互独立，限制了学生跨学科思维能力和创新能力的培养，建立现代物理实验教学新体系是大学物理实验教学改革的必然趋势．新的物理实验体系应依照训练层次，划分为引导性实验、基本实验、综合性实验、设计性实验、研究性实验．并需要注重时代性和先进性，改革和更新大学物理实验教学内容，改革实验教学与管理模式，形成新的运行机制，从而达到学生素质和能力的提高．     

两部美国大学物理教材对我们教学改革的启示

介绍了美国两部大学物理教材的特点，分析了美国教材在教学内容、教学方法、教学手段现代化方面的特色，为我们的教学改革提供一些可供借鉴的经验。     

剑桥中学证书国际物理实验考试介绍

介绍了剑桥大学地方考试联合会制定的普通水平学校证书国际考虑大纲对高中学生物理实验技能的要求。分析了剑桥国际物理实验考试和实验试题的特点。     

反恐怖安全检测技术的物理基础

反恐怖安全检测技术已成为人们的热门话题。安全检测技术的诞生和发展离不开物理学家的贡献。物理学为反恐怖安全检测孕育了多种手段和方法。文章简要介绍了X射线探测、γ射线探测、四极共振分析、脉冲式快中子分析、离子迁移率光谱测量、毫米波探测、声学探测、磁场探测、电磁脉冲探测等安全检测技术的物理基础。     

Molecular dynamics simulations on the structures and properties of ε-CL-20-based PBXs ——Primary theoretical studies on HEDM formulation design

Five polymer bonded explosives (PBXs) with the base explosive ε-CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzi- tane), the most important high energy density compound (HEDC), and five polymer binders (Estane 5703, GAP, HTPB, PEG, and F2314) were constructed. Molecular dynamics (MD) method was employed to investigate their binding energies (Ebind), compatibility, safety, mechanical properties, and energetic properties. The information and rules were reported for choosing better binders and guiding formula- tion design of high energy density material (HEDM). According to the calculated binding energies, the ordering of compatibility and stability of the five PBXs was predicted as ε-CL-20/PEG > ε-CL-20/ Estane5703 ≈ε-CL-20/GAP > ε-CL-20/HTPB > ε-CL-20/F2314. By pair correlation function g(r) analyses, hydrogen bonds and vdw are found to be the main interactions between the two components. The elasticity and isotropy of PBXs based ε-CL-20 can be obviously improved more than pure ε-CL-20 crystal. It is not by changing the molecular structures of ε-CL-20 for each binder to affect the sensitivity. The safety and energetic properties of these PBXs are mainly influenced by the thermal capability (C°p) and density (ρ) of binders, respectively.     

大学物理实验教学改革的实践与思索

本主要介绍了我校近年来在大学物理实验课程体系和教学内容改革的实践及下一步改革的思路。