紫色石蕊溶液配制方法的探究

石蕊溶液在碱性溶液中变色不明显,这个问题虽小,但它一直困扰着我们的实验教学活动。利用手机软件颜色识别器、数字传感器等几种软硬件技术手段,对石蕊试剂的选择、配制方法的优化、溶液pH的调节等方面进行探究,试图配制出在酸碱性溶液中显色明显的石蕊溶液。     

矿物组分快速定量提取模型及其应用

矿物成分快速鉴定是提高遥感矿产勘探、遥感矿物填图以及诸多地学研究等工作效率的关键。由于技术等各方面的限制,国内外针对矿物快速分析的模型和软件较少。20世纪90年代以来近红外光谱仪在技术上的突破和计算机的发展使得近红外光谱技术在矿物快速识别领域的应用变得可行,先后出现了基于吸收位置的反演模型(模型一)和基于波形匹配的反演模型(模型二)。文章提出了特征光谱线性反演模型。经美国地质调查局矿物光谱库(USGS)端元混合实验数据验证,该模型精度接近100%,远优于模型一和二。对新疆包古图地区地表随机所采23个样本分析,该模型平均精度为64.6%,另外两模型分别为：33.8%和8.1%,优于模型一和二。虽精度尚低于传统镜下鉴定方法,该模型具有高效、方便、工作量小、人为误差小等优点,已初步应用于新疆包古图地区遥感矿产勘探工作,有较好的推广前景。     

用蒙脱土酸处理法制备洗用4A沸石过程中石英问题的探讨

目前我国洗涤剂用４Ａ沸石实现半工业化的是采用以水玻璃、氢氧化铝为起始原料的全合成法[1],以该法生产沸石的产品质量较稳定,但生产成本较高。而以蒙脱土为原料的合成４Ａ沸石,生产成本可以大大降低［２－４］,但是蒙脱土中往往含有石英杂质,如果不设法去除,必将影响产品的纯度,使其质量指标（白度、粒度、钙离子交换量）难以达到洗涤剂行业标准［５］,而且洗衣粉中含有石英也会磨损衣物。 本文将重点讨论石英这一问题,包括如何测定石英杂质含量和如何在用蒙脱土生产洗涤剂用４Ａ沸石过程中去除石英杂质。１实验部分１．１实验样…     

Recovery of the free field in noisy environment by using the spherical wave superposition method

To remove the scattering effect of the disturbing sound on the target source when implementing nearfield acoustic holography in a non-free field, a free field recovery technique based on the spherical wave superposition method is proposed. In the method, the sound field separation technique based on the spherical wave superposition method is first used to separate the incoming and outgoing fields, and a further step for separating the radiated and scattered fields is performed by utilizing the surface admittance of the target source as the boundary condition. The technique makes it possible to correctly identify noise sources in a non-free sound field. The basic principle of the technique is described firstly, a method for choosing the optimal number of spherical wave expansion terms is given, and two numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the validity of this technique. It is shown that, for the lower frequency, the scattering effect can be neglected, and the radiated field of the target source can be obtained by the sound field separation technique, however, as the increasing of the frequency, the scattering effect cannot be neglected, and the free field recovery technique has to be used to obtain the radiated field of the target source.     

A Bayesian Whittaker–Henderson smoother for general‐purpose and sample‐based spectral baseline estimation and peak extraction

Raman spectroscopy is a well‐established technique that allows both chemical and structural analysis of materials. Raman spectra are often complex and extracting meaningful information is easily hindered by spectral interferences; one of the most significant sources being variations in background. Raman spectra have diverse sources of background making it hard to eliminate them or theoretically to predict the form of the baseline, which frequently varies between samples. Although many different methods for baseline removal have been proposed, most require some form of user input. User input is also subjective and consequently less reproducible than automated methods and variations in baseline subtraction can distort peak heights leading to erroneous results. We present a Bayesian Whittaker–Henderson smoother for spectral baseline estimation and peak extraction. It is a generalisation of the Whittaker–Henderson smoother, a regularised regression algorithm. We introduce hierarchical priors for model parameters of the smoother and propose a global aligner for consistent peak extraction across multiple spectra. We show that this novel smoother significantly outperforms several existing smoothers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效节能挥发性有机物去除的实验研究

建立了空气中挥发性有机物去除的实验与测量系统,以甲醛、甲苯等为研究对象,分别进行了大量系统实验研究。结果表明,该实验装置对不同工况下甲醛的去除效果最好,一次去除率高达99％,氨次之,甲苯最低,采用空气循环处理或改进VOCs去除装置可大幅提高去除率。     

基于LIBS光谱与成分分析的飞机蒙皮激光除漆可控性研究

激光除漆作为激光清洗技术的分支,有望替代传统打磨及化学除漆工艺,实现飞机蒙皮表面漆层的可控清除,但除漆过程及质量的可控性依赖于有效的原位、在线监测技术。针对飞机铝合金蒙皮表面多漆层结构,采用LIBS技术对不同漆层、不同厚度时漆层特征元素进行光谱与成分分析,在信号解译基础上建立漆层去除层数、去除厚度与LIBS光谱变化的内在关联,实现除漆过程质量的实时监测与反馈控制。结果表明,分层除漆过程中面漆、底漆完全清除后,漆层特征元素（Fe,Ti）的光谱峰消失。LIBS监测到面漆的特征元素Fe在501.494 1和521.517 9 nm处Fe Ⅰ 的光谱特征峰消失时,判定面漆完全清除。监测到底漆特征元素Ti在498.173 0,499.107 0和521.039 0 nm处Ti Ⅰ 的光谱特征峰消失时,判定底漆完全清除。厚度除漆时,随漆层厚度降低或激光脉冲作用次数增加,漆层特征元素（Ca）的光谱峰强相应降低,至漆层厚度为0时（完全去除）,漆层特征元素光谱峰消失,同时基体特征元素（Al）光谱峰出现。LIBS监测616.217 0,643.907 0和422.673 0 nm处Ca Ⅰ 的光谱信号强度变化能够监测激光除漆时剩余漆层厚度,实现对激光除漆厚度的可控清除监测。另外,结合EDS与SEM测试分析,验证了LIBS用于飞机蒙皮激光除漆过程与效果监测、分层与厚度控制的可行性,表明在不损伤基体氧化层的前提下,通过监测对应波长位置的面漆、底漆特征元素光谱与成分变化规律能够实现激光分层可控、厚度可控除漆。     

Selective adsorption and removal ability of pine needle-based activated carbon towards Al(III) from La(III)

Rare earth elements are an important strategic resource. As one of the most valuable member, lanthanum plays a key role in lanthanide. However, trace Al(III) impurity in lanthanum materials can seriously damage the performance of lanthanum materials. In this paper, a nitrogen-containing activated carbon, AC-PN-700, was synthesized using pine needle as raw material and KOH as activator. The AC-PN-700 was characterized by surface area analyzer, elemental analysis and FT-IR. The adsorption and selective ability of AC-PN-700 towards Al(III) were investigated. The BET specific surface area of AC-PN-700 was 596.4 m².g^?1, and the average pore diameter was 2.7?nm. Depend on its large specific surface, well-developed internal pore structure and abundant nitrogen-containing functional groups, the AC-PN-700 possesses strong adsorption affinity and excellent recognition selectivity towards Al(III). The adsorption capacity of AC-PN-700 towards Al(III) could reach to 3.89?mg.g^?1, removal rate towards Al(III) was almost 100%, and relative selectivity coefficients with respect to La(III) is 9.5. The empirical Freundlich isotherm was found to describe well the equilibrium adsorption data. In addition, AC-PN-700 possesses better regeneration ability and reusability.     

柴油车SCR脱硝金属氧化物催化剂研究进展

NH3选择催化还原(NH3-SCR)是去除柴油车尾气中NOx应用广泛的技术,具有高效性.我们以金属氧化物类催化剂的制备和性能为主题,综述了近几年V、Ce、Fe、Mn基金属氧化物催化剂的发展.总结了这几类催化剂的合成、物理化学性质、微观结构、抗硫性和水热稳定性等特点,并对该类催化剂未来的发展趋势做了展望.     

TQX型高效旋风除尘器的设计特点及除尘机理的研究

从旋风除尘器存在的问题人手，对陶瓷材料在TQX型旋风除尘器中的应用及除尘的机理进行了研究。