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酶作为生物催化剂参与很多重要的生理过程,同时也是一类重要的生物分子。酶的活性分析对于疾病诊断和治疗具有重要意义。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)具有操作简单、分析速度快、灵敏度高和易于实现高通量分析的特点,已被广泛用于各种组学研究和生物分子的检测,在酶的检测和活性分析中亦发挥了重要作用。该文综述了国内外利用MALDI-TOF MS分析酶活性和进行药物筛选的策略,总结了各种方法的优缺点,提出了MALDI质谱技术在酶活性分析领域存在的问题和挑战,并对其发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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采用反应射频磁控溅射方法,在经过不同方法处理的蓝宝石基片上,在同一条件下沉积了ZnO薄膜.利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、反射式高能电子衍射等分析技术,对基片和薄膜的结构、表面形貌进行了系统表征.研究结果显示,不同退火条件下的蓝宝石基片表面结构之间没有本质的差异,均为α-Al2O3 (001)晶面,但基片表面形貌的变化较大.在不同方法处理的蓝宝石基片上生长的ZnO薄膜均具有高c轴取向的织构特征,但薄膜的表面形貌差异较大.基片经真空退火处
关键词:
ZnO薄膜
反应磁控溅射
基片处理
形貌分析 相似文献
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The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of multi-frequency energy-gathered ultrasound (MFEGU) and MFEGU assisted alkaline pretreatments on the enzymolysis and the mechanism of two pretreatments accelerating the rice protein (RP) proteolysis process. The results showed that MFEGU and MFEGU assisted alkaline pretreatments improved significantly (P < 0.05) the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and the protein elution amount of RP. Furthermore under the same DH conditions, ultrasound and ultrasound assisted alkaline pretreatments were more save the enzymolysis time than the unpretreatment. The changes in UV–vis spectra, fluorescence emission spectra indicated unfolding and destruction of RP by MFEGU and MFEGU assisted alkaline pretreatments. The circular dichroism analysis showed that both pretreatments decreased α-helix but increased β-sheet and random coil of RP. Amino acid composition revealed that MFEGU and MFEGU assisted alkaline pretreatments could increase the protein elution amount and the ratio of hydrophobic amino acids. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated that both pretreatments destroyed the microstructures and reduced the particle size of RP. Therefore, MFEGU and MFEGU assisted alkaline pretreatments are beneficial to improving the degree of hydrolysis due to its sonochemistry effect on the molecular conformation as well as on the microstructure of protein. 相似文献
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秸秆生产乙醇预处理关键技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乙醇是一种很有希望替代有限石油的燃料.目前燃料乙醇已在我国部分省市得到应用.我国目前燃料乙醇生产的主要原料是陈化粮,但我国陈化粮可用于燃料乙醇生产的量十分有限.真正可大量转化乙醇的应是纤维质材料.纤维质材料转化乙醇的挑战性问题是产量偏低、成本偏高.纤维质材料的预处理是转化乙醇过程中的关键步骤,该步骤的优化可明显提高纤维素的水解率,进而降低乙醇的生产成本.本文总结了纤维质材料预处理的各种方法,对各种方法的优缺点进行了综述和分析,并对生物质预处理技术发展的前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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Few of the elements present in nature play a metabolic role in living organisms. According to their abundance, these elements are classified as macro-, micro- or trace elements, representing 93%, 5% and around 1% respectively, of the total body weight. The remaining percentage could be attributed to those elements with unknown biological functions, to others which are present only because of the exposure to polluted environment or to those intentionally introduced into the body for a special treatment. This review summarizes and discusses the most recent publications related to the on-line processing of biological samples for trace element determination using atomic spectrometry-based detectors. Preconcentration/separation procedures based on solid phase or cloud point extractions, electrochemical deposition, microdialysis, as well as chemical vapor generation are the common practice for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of the available atomic spectrometric techniques. The advantages of using isotope dilution mass spectrometry in speciation studies are also emphasized. Digestion or leaching in oxidizing acidic mixtures aided by heat or by ultrasound or microwave radiation, performed off- or on-line, is necessary to previous steps when processing solid biological samples. The most relevant analytical figures of merit such as detection limits, enrichment factors and sample throughput as well as some aspects related to the on-line system configurations and accuracy assessments are critically presented. 相似文献
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