分散液相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱快速分析水中的硝基苯类化合物

建立了分散液相微萃取.气相色谱,质谱快速分析水中硝基苯、对硝基苯、1,3一二硝基苯和2,4-二硝基氯苯的新方法.将含有18μL氯苯(萃取荆)的0.25 mL丙酮(分散剂)作为萃取体系,快速注入到5.0 mL水溶液中.在4000r/min下离心2.0 min后,得到(10.0±0.5)μL沉积相(氯苯),取底部沉积相1.0μL进行气相色谱,质谱分析.方法线性范围0.5～50μg/L(r2=0.9986～0.9994),检出限0.2～0.5μg/L,相对标准偏差4.2%～7.3%(n=5).将该方法用于环境水样的测定,加标回收率72.9%～89.6%.     

Bioconversion of mixed solids waste to ethanol

A mixed solids waste (MSW) feedstock, comprising construction lumber waste (35% oven-dry basis), alm ond treeprunings (20%), wheat straw (20%), office waste paper (12.5%), and newsprint (12.5%), was converted to ethanol via dilute-acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast fermentation. The MSW was pretreated with dilute sulfuricacid (0.4% w/w) at 210°C for 3 min in a 4-L stea mexplosion reactor, then washed with water to recover the solubilized hemicellulose. The digestibility of water-washed, pretreated MSW was 90% in batch enzymatic hydrolysis at 66 FPU/g cellulose. Using an enzyme-recycle bioreactor system, greater than 90% cellulose hydrolysis was achieved at a net enzyme loading of about 10 FPU/g cellulose. Enzyme recycling using mebrane filtration and a fed-batch fermentation technique is a promising option for significantly reducing the cost of enzyme in cellulose hydrolysis. The hexosesugars were readily fermentable using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain that was adapted to the hydrolysate. Solid residue after enzyme digestion was subjected to various furnace experiments designed to assess the fouling and slagging characteristics. Results of these analyses suggest the residue to be of a low to moderate slagging and fouling type if burned by itself.