The numerical prediction of the fields of inelastic strains (the linear invariant of the tensor of inelastic strains) in thermoset polyester/marble filler composite plates is discussed. A uniformly distributed load is applied to the plates, which lie on a steel base. The strain fields are predicted by means of the boundary element method by using creep test data for the composites and the polyester matrix itself. Identical creep tests were performed for two ages of the materials (1 month and 13 years), which allowed evaluating the aging effect. The study is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the application of the generalized Maxwell-Gurevich equation to the thermoset matrix/mineral filler composite is demonstrated. The model parameters determined from the experimental creep data is used for the second stage, where the state of inelastic strains in the plates is predicted by applying the boundary element method. The influence of composite formulation (filler content) and physical aging of the polyester matrix on the state of inelastic strains in the plates is shown.__________Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 145–156, March–April, 2005. 相似文献
The local and the terminal velocities, the size and the degree of bubbles’ shape deformations were determined as a function of distance from the position of the bubble formation (capillary orifice) in solutions of n-octyltrimethylammonium bromide, n-octyldimethylphosphine oxide, n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and n-octanoic acid.
These surface-active compounds have different polar groups but an identical hydrocarbon chain (C8) in the molecule. The motion of the bubbles was monitored and recorded using a stroboscopic illumination, a CCD camera, and a JVC professional video. The recorded bubble images were analyzed by the image analysis software. The bubbles accelerated rapidly and their shape was deformed immediately after detachment from the capillary. The extent of the bubbles’ shape deformation (ratio of horizontal and vertical diameters) was 1.5 in distilled water and dropped rapidly down to a level of ca. 1.05–1.03 with increasing surfactant concentration. After the acceleration period the bubbles either attained a constant value of the terminal velocity (distilled water and high concentrations of the solutions), or a maximum in the velocity profiles was observed (low concentrations). The values of the terminal velocity diminished drastically with increasing concentration, from the value of 35 cm/s in water down to about 15 cm/s, while the bubble diameter decreased by ca. 10% only. The surfactant adsorption at the surface of the bubbles was evaluated and the minimum adsorption coverages required to immobilize the bubbles’ surface were determined. It was found that this minimum adsorption coverage was ca. 4% for n-octyldimethylphosphine oxide, n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, n-octanoic acid and 25% for n-octyltrimethylammonium bromide. The difference in the adsorption coverage together with the surfactants’ surface activities indicate that it is mainly the adsorption kinetics of the surfactants that governs the fluidity of interfaces of the rising bubbles. 相似文献
The analysis of mechanical structures using the Finite Element Method in the framework of large elastoplastic strain, needs frequent remeshing of the deformed domain during computation. Indeed, the remeshing is due to the large geometrical distortion of finite elements and the adaptation to the physical behavior of the solution. This paper gives the necessary steps to remesh a mechanical structure during large elastoplastic deformations with damage. An important part of this process is constituted by geometrical and physical error estimates. The proposed method is integrated in a computational environment using the ABAQUS/Explicit solver and the BL2D-V2 adaptive mesher. To cite this article: H. Borouchaki et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 709–716.相似文献
A focused ion beam (FIB) Moiré method is proposed to measure the in-plane deformation of object in a micrometer scale. The FIB Moiré is generated by the interference between a prepared specimen grating and FIB raster scan lines. The principle of the FIB Moiré is described. The sensitivity and accuracy of deformation measurement are discussed in detail. Several specimen gratings with 0.14 and 0.20 μm spacing are used to generate FIB Moiré patterns. The FIB Moiré method is successfully used to measure the residual deformation in a micro-electro-mechanical system structure after removing the SiO2 sacrificial layer with a 5000 lines/mm grating. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this method. 相似文献
An automated procedure was developed for monitoring fast changes in the size of spherical samples of polymers during their
contact with a solvent or drying. The kinetics of bulk deformation in these processes was studied for a series of cross-linked
polymers, viz., gel-type and porous styrene—divinylbenzene copolymers and poly(divinylbenzenes), and hypercrosslinked polystyrenes. Gel,
macroporous, and hypercrosslinked polystyrenes are substantially different in the rate, mechanism, and degree of swelling,
which is associated with the principal differences in their physical structures. An unusual effect of a sharp decrease followed
by a temporary increase in the volume of porous polystyrene and poly(divinylbenzene) materials were observed during desorption
(evaporation) of organic solvents. Water desorption is accompanied by an excessive bulk compression of porous granules giving
rise to negative deformations, which gradually relax to the state equilibrium for the dry polymer. The results of dynamic
desorption porometry (for water desorption) are indicative of a bimodal size distribution of micropores in hypercrosslinked
polystyrene.
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 467–476, March, 2007. 相似文献
The change of the superstructure of different polyethylenes during uniaxial deformation is investigated. The method used is small-angle scattering with synchrotron radiation. For branched polyethylene (Lupolen 1840D) the whole deformation range is analyzed. Beginning with superstructure of the lamellar cluster type, the superstructure partly disappears on a time scale of a few minutes and the fibrillar structure is built up. The degree of destruction and rebuilding depends on the drawing temperature. For very high molecular weight polyethylene (GUR) a reversible change of the superstructure at higher deformation ratios and at different temperatures is observed. The superstructure of (ethylene—hexene) copolymers (TIPELIN) at high draw ratios depends on the drawing temperature and is almost independent of the side group content. Interfibrillar microcracks parallel to the draw direction are produced in samples with a low side group content for draw ratios λ ≥ 1.5. 相似文献
This review summarizes the experimental data on charge radii differences among ground state and high spin isomeric states
determined by high-resolution laser spectroscopic methods. A comparison is presented between radii changes obtained from the
isomeric shifts in the atomic spectra and from the quadrupole moments of both ground and isomeric states under the assumption
that the radii changes are determined by the difference of the quadrupole deformations. Special attention is paid to isomers
arising from the break-up of nucleon pairs and isomers of odd–odd nuclei. The characteristic features of the radii changes
for isomeric states of different origin are discussed. 相似文献
The stress-strain state of multilayered plates on an undeformable foundation is investigated. The design diagram of a transversely
loaded plate is formed by supplementing it with a symmetric one about the contact surface of the foundation. The double-thickness
plate obtained becomes loaded bilaterally and symmetrically about its midsurface. In such a way, only unflexural deformations
can be modeled, which reduces the number of unknowns and the general order of differentiation of the resolving system of equations.
The refined continual model developed takes into account the deformations of transverse shear and transverse compression in
high iterative approximations. The cases of a rigid contact between the foundation and the plate and frictionless slip of
the plate over the foundation are considered. Calculations confirm the efficiency of such an approach, which allows one to
obtain solutions qualitatively and quantitatively close to three-dimensional ones.
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Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 643–654, September–October, 2006. 相似文献