从废水到新能源:光催化燃料电池的优化与应用

随着经济的飞速发展,社会对能源的需求日益扩大,对工业废水的无害化处理也提出了更高的要求。光催化燃料电池 (photocatalytic fuel cell, PFC) 在燃料电池中引入半导体光催化材料作为电极,实现了有机污染物高效降解和同步对外产电的双重功能,在废水无害化与资源化利用方面具有潜在的应用价值。半导体光催化电极是PFC系统高效运行的核心组件,增强其可见光响应和光生载流子分离是提高PFC性能的关键策略。反应器结构设计和运行参数优化也有利于改善PFC性能。本文从PFC基本原理和应用入手,综述了PFC在环境污染物资源化处理中的研究进展,并详细阐述了提高PFC的污染控制性能和产电效率的优化手段,为进一步设计高效稳定的PFC系统并实现其在水污染控制和清洁能源生产中的应用提供理论指导。     

Sol-Gel Preparation and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Fe2TiO5 Thin Films

Polycrystalline Fe₂TiO₅ films were prepared on nesa silica glass substrates by the sol-gel method, and their photoanodic properties were measured in a three-electrode wet cell with an aqueous buffer solution of pH = 7. Gel films were crystallized into Fe₂TiO₅ when fired at 500°C. The photoanodic current significantly increased when the films were fired at 700°C, and then decreased with increasing firing temperature. Thicker films obtained by repeating the gel film deposition and firing showed smaller photocurrent, and the 50 nm thick film prepared via non-repetitive deposition exhibited the maximum photocurrent. Although the photoresponse was extended to wavelengths near 500 nm, the maximum quantum yield was as low as 0.12 at a wavelength of 340 nm.     

有机碳材料在光电催化系统中的作用

有机碳材料因电荷传导效率高、结构可调、无污染等特点被广泛应用于光电催化领域。将含有机碳材料的催化剂作为电极材料已成为光电催化领域的研究热点之一。本文介绍了几种常见的有机碳材料的结构、特点、制备方法及其研究方向,并将含有机碳材料的电极进行分类。主要总结并论述了有机碳材料在光电催化系统中的五种作用:(1)作为催化剂;(2)作为光敏剂(3)作为电子介质;(4)作为催化剂载体;(5)作为光电极的稳定剂,最后阐述了有机碳材料在光电催化系统中的研究现状及难点问题。     

Recent Advances in the Research of Photo-Assisted Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries

The application of solar energy is crucial for alleviating the energy crisis and achieving sustainable development. In recent years, photo-assisted rechargeable batteries have attracted researchers because they can directly convert and store solar energy in the batteries. And it also can be used like a normal battery without light illumination. Photo-assisted lithium-based batteries have received more attention than other energy storage systems due to their higher energy density and relatively mature development. This Review focuses on the design of various photo-assisted lithium-based batteries including Li-ion, Li-S, Li-O₂, Li-CO₂ and Li-I batteries, as well as the working mechanism of photoelectrodes in these battery systems. The basic understanding and challenge of photo-assisted lithium-based batteries are also discussed. At last, perspectives for the photoelectrode development are provided in the summary to advance photo-assisted energy storage systems.     

Photocurrent of TiO2 Photoelectrode Enhanced by Nafion Modification

Introduction Since Gratzel's group[1-5]first fabricated the dye-sensitized in 1991,as a possible alter-native to P-N junction inorganic silicon cells,DSSCs haveattracted more and more atten-tion[6-11].     

光电催化海水分解制氢

自20世纪70年代以来,利用阳光将水分解,从而将太阳能转换为清洁可再生的氢气燃料成为人们关注的焦点。太阳能是取之不尽用之不竭的能源,而海水是地球上最丰富且易获取的自然资源,利用光电催化海水分解制氢成为目前解决实际能源问题和缓解淡水资源短缺的理想途径之一。本文总结了目前为止探索过光电催化分解海水制取氢气的研究工作,对研究内容和机理进行了梳理分析,并对光电催化海水制氢这一领域进行了展望。     

Study on mechanism of photocatalytic performance of La-doped TiO2/Ti photoelectrodes by theoretical and experimental methods

TiO₂ photoelectrodes with various nanostructures have been successfully prepared by the anodization method. The morphology, microstructure and optical properties of as-prepared photoelectrodes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet/visible light diffuse reflectance spectra (UV/vis/DRS), surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) and photocurrent. The electronic structure and optical properties of La doped/undoped TiO₂ photoelectrodes with different crystal structures were calculated by the density function theory. The photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic activities of as-prepared photoelectrodes were evaluated. The results showed that the anodization potentials played a crucial role in the surface morphology and microstructure. Both results of theoretical calculations and experimental tests demonstrated that La-doped photoelectrodes were more sensitive to light than undoped one. The difference of photoelectrodes performance was ascribed to the crystal configuration, impurity energy levels and long-range orientation moving of photogenerated carriers.     

CuInSe2/氰桥混配物复合修饰光电极的制备及其光电性质

利用电沉积法在氰桥混配物预修饰的玻璃碳电极上再沉积CuInSe2半导体材料,制备了一种复合型修饰光电极(Eu-Fe-Mo/CuInSe2)。以含Cu2+、In3+、SeO23-及柠檬酸钠的酸性水溶液为电镀液,通过优化寻找到电镀液中最佳的Cu∶In∶Se料液比例,用恒电位电沉积法可以制备出具有良好光电效应的复合型修饰光电极。用SEM、EDS技术对复合修饰光电极的表面形貌及其修饰材料的元素组成进行了表征;以60 W的普通日光型白炽灯为光源,采用开路电压和计时安培法研究了该复合修饰光电极的光电性质。测得该光电极的响应光电压大于30 mV,响应光电流密度大于8.9×10-6A/cm2。实验结果表明,该复合修饰光电极呈现典型p型半导体的光电性质。     

氧化锌纳米棒微结构光电极的制备

通过两步法,即首先热分解醋酸锌制备氧化锌晶种层,在晶种的诱导下,再采用低温水热法在氟掺杂的SnO₂导电玻璃(fluorine-doped tin oxide, FTO)基底导电面上成功制备出高取向性的氧化锌纳米棒阵列光电极。系统研究了前驱液浓度、溶液pH值、反应时间等实验条件对光电极微结构的影响。实验结果表明在一定变化范围内,随着前驱液浓度和溶液pH值的增大,纳米棒的直径增大;随着反应时间的延长,纳米棒的长度增长。将氧化锌纳米棒阵列薄膜制作成染料敏化太阳电池(dye-sensitized solar cell, DSSC)的光电极,并对电池的I-V特性进行了表征。