Ruthenium nanoclusters anchored on cobalt phosphide hollow microspheres by green phosphating process for full water splitting in acidic electrolyte

Transition metal phosphide(TMP) based electrocatalysts possessing special crystal and electronic structures attract broad attention in the field of electrocatalysis.Immense effort is made to optimize TMP catalysts aiming to satisfy the electrochemical catalysis performance.In this work,an environmentally friendly in situ green phosphating strategy and spatial limiting effect of the RuCo precursor is employed to fabricate the ruthenium nanoclusters anchored on cobalt phosphide hollow microspheres(Ru NCs/Co₂P HMs).The obtained Ru NCs/Co₂P HMs electrocatalysts exhibit high hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) activity at wide pH ranges,which require an overpotential of 77 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA/cm² in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ and 118 mV in 1.0 mol/L KOH.Besides,the multifunctional Ru NCs/Co₂P HMs exhibit good oxygen evolution reaction(OER) activity with an overpotential of 197 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm² in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄,which is below that of the commercial RuO₂ electrocatalyst(248 mV).A two-electrode electrolyzer is assembled as well,in acid electrolyte,it achieves a current density of 10 mA/cm² at a voltage of 1.53 V,which is superior to that of the benchmark of precious metal-based electrolyzer(1.58 V).     

AZ91D镁合金上钼改性锌系磷化膜的制备、 结构及性能

采用在磷化液中添加钼酸钠及腐蚀抑制剂的方法, 在AZ91D 镁合金表面上制备了均匀细致的锌系复合磷化膜. 用XRD对膜层的化学组成及结构进行了表征,用SEM和EDS对膜层的形貌和组分含量进行分析. 结果表明, 磷化膜主要由Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O和单质Zn组成. 在磷化液中加入钼酸钠使磷化膜组织更加细致而且无裂纹. 磷化液中的钼酸钠含量为1.5 g/L时, 磷化膜的结晶最致密, 单质锌的含量最高, 耐蚀性最好. 还提出了一种快速测量镁合金表面膜层耐蚀性的试验方法, 同时对镁合金上的磷化反应的机理进行了探讨.     

Black wattle tannin as a zinc phosphating coating sealer

This paper reports an investigation into the use of condensed black wattle tannin as an environmental friendly sealer after zinc phosphating of carbon steel. In order to verify the sealer efficiency against corrosion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarisation and salt spray tests were performed. To verify the pore modifications and phase compositions, SEM, electron dispersive spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis were carried out. The influence of the sealer on the adherence of finishing coatings was analysed. The results show that the tannin/sealer did not affect the final coating adhesion and improved the corrosion resistance of sealed samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fe-W非晶镀层的磷化及在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

ＦｅＷ非晶态合金镀层在酸性溶液中具有高耐蚀性能,但在中性和碱性溶液,特别是在氯化钠溶液中耐蚀性能差［１］,如在３０℃、１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ溶液中,ＦｅＷ非晶镀层的腐蚀速率约为不锈钢ＳＵＳ３０４的１／１５;在６０℃、０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４溶液中约...     

The effect of iron phosphate,alumina and silica coatings on the morphology of carbonyl iron particles

Carbonyl iron powders were coated with iron phosphate using phosphating method and boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) or silicon hydroxide (Si(OH)₄) nanoparticles derived from the hydrolysis of tri‐sec‐butoxide (Al(OC₄H₉)₃) or tetramethylsilane (Si(OCH₃)₄) using sol–gel method. The coated powders were dried and calcined at 400 °C for 3 h in air. Cross‐section morphology of coated carbonyl iron powders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Coated Fe micro‐particles were spherical in shape with ‘shell/core’ structures. The shells consisted of an amorphous layer with varying thickness (100–800 nm) and the core represented a carbonyl iron. Gelatinous morphology of dried FePO₄ coating composed from nanoparticles of iron oxyhydroxides and hydrated iron phosphate with a shell thickness of ～100 nm around iron particles was observed. In coatings based on alumina or silica xerogels with a thickness of ～100–150 nm or ～200–500 nm, the coatings were composed of iron oxyhydroxides and γ‐AlOOH or Si(OH)₄. The resulting XRD diffractograms revealed the hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) that were formed in phosphated and sol–gel coated iron powders. The X‐ray diffraction patterns did not verify the presence of phosphates, alumina or silica and indicate the amorphous or nanocrystalline structure of FePO₄, γ‐Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超微细磷酸锰转化涂层摩擦磨损性能研究

采用新型磷化处理工艺在20Cr钢表面制备了超微细磷酸锰转化涂层.浸油润滑条件下,采用MMW-1P型立式万能摩擦磨损试验机评价了转化涂层的摩擦学性能,并用SEM和EDX表征转化涂层表面及磨损表面的形貌和成分,用XRD分析转化涂层的相结构.结果表明,钢表面超微细磷酸锰转化涂层由Mn3(PO4)2·3H2O组成,同时存在少量Mn3(PO4)12·10H2O和(Fe,Mn)2(PO4)(OH);磷化晶粒的尺寸约为0.2～0.5μm;涂层表面孔隙的储油特性有利于改善其摩擦学性能;浸油润滑条件下,钢表面的超微细磷酸锰转化涂层具有明显的减摩与耐磨效果.     

高校化学实验课教学中应用型人才培养——以钢铁表面磷化处理技术实验为例

以“钢铁表面磷化处理技术”实验为例,探讨了在地方普通高校化学实验课中进行应用型人才培养教学改革的必要性和可行性。教学改革应兼顾教育规律和社会需求,在激发学生学习兴趣、传授基本理论和操作技能的基础上,培养学生的实践能力和应用探究能力。     

表面硫化和磷化提升钼酸镍的析氢性能

首先通过水热过程在泡沫镍（NF）上生长出钼酸镍纳米棒阵列（NMO/NF）,再依次利用水热硫化和气相磷化法改性钼酸镍纳米棒阵列获得三维自支撑析氢电催化剂（PS-NMO/NF）。研究表明,硫化作用诱导钼酸镍纳米棒阵列向类珊瑚球结构转变并形成具有高电化学活性表面积的无定形硫化物壳层,显著提高钼酸镍析氢反应（HER）活性。进一步磷化处理,表面形成的无定形磷酸盐与硫化物形成丰富的异质界面,促进了电子转移,进一步提升了电极的HER性能。在1 mol·L^-1 KOH电解液中,电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,PS-NMO/NF所对应的析氢过电势为93 mV; 100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度所对应的析氢过电势仅为180mV,Tafel斜率为67 mV·dec^-1,而且在20 h内可稳定运行,无明显衰减。     

片状NiWP@多面体NiWO电催化剂的制备及其析氢性能

采用水热法在泡沫镍上制备多面体镍钨氧化物(NiWO)前驱体,然后在不同温度下对前驱体进行磷化处理,获得片状镍钨磷化物(NiWP)@多面体NiWO复合电催化剂。结果表明：优化磷化温度可显著改善片状NiWP@多面体NiWO电催化析氢性能。当磷化温度为450℃时,所得电极具有较好的析氢催化活性,在1 mol·L^-1 KOH中仅需115 mV的过电位就能达到10 mA·cm^-2的电流密度,Tafel斜率为85 mV·dec^-1,与铂片的Tafel斜率相近。此外,24 h长期稳定性测试结果表明该电催化剂具有良好的稳定性。优异的性能可归因于片状NiWP@多面体NiWO复合结构增大了催化活性面积,减小了电荷/质量传输阻力,使得析氢反应中电子转移速度加快,反应动力学性能提高。     

纳米八面体形FeP@PC的制备及催化析氢性能

以UIO-66为载体, 经过FeCl₃化学气相沉积、 原位碳化和磷化及HF刻蚀等步骤制备了多孔FeP@PC催化剂. 利用X射线衍射仪、 场发射透射电子显微镜、 X射线光电子能谱仪和气体吸附仪等对催化剂的结构、 形貌和比表面积等进行了表征; 同时采用线性扫描伏安法和电化学阻抗谱等对其电化学性质进行了考察. 结果表明, FeP@PC保持了原UIO-66的八面体多孔结构, 比表面积为83 m ²/g; 仅需要过电位156 mV即可驱动电流密度10 mA/cm ², 塔菲尔斜率为84 mV/dec, 电荷转移电阻为44 Ω, 电化学活性表面积为13.9 mF/cm ²; 在持续电解12 h和循环1000次后, 催化剂的活性几乎没有衰减.