肿瘤微波热疗的温度场预示及热损伤研究

本文将热损伤的产生和影响引入到肿瘤的微波热疗中。运用微波能量比吸收率SAR的分布分析了微波在组织中的传输和吸收过程,并对微波热疗过程中的温度场、热损伤分布以及血液灌注率的变化进行了数值模拟。     

两种含锌化合物对慢性染铅大鼠海马NADPH-d阳性神经元影响的比较

为探讨硫酸锌(ZnSO4)和牛磺酸锌(TZC)拮抗铅对学习记忆的损害的不同，采用NADPH-黄递酶(NADPH-d)组化，观察了饮用含0.2g／L醋酸铅(PbAc)饮水和含不同剂量(5．0，15．0g／kg)ZnSO4、(5．9、17．7g／kg)TZC饲料喂养的大鼠海马一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化。结果表明，各补锌组均不同程度地缓解铅致NOS活力减低，铅 低TZC组、铅 高ZnSO4组和铅 低ZnSO4组大鼠海马神经元的NOS活性明显高于染铅组，其中铅 低TZC组的保护作用最显著，而铅 高TZC组的NOS活性明显低于对照组，而接近染铅组水平。结论是锌对抗铅的毒性作用与锌的化学结合形式、锌的剂量密切相关。     

Determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A in biological fluids of patients with traumatic brain injury by UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS after injection of Xuebijing

A simple, novel, specific, rapid and reproducible ultra‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in biological fluids (plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with traumatic brain injury after intravenous injection of Xuebijing (XBJ). Liquid–liquid extraction was performed, and separation was carried out on an Acquity UPLC? BEH C₁₈ column, with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of methanol and 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization was used for the detection of HSYA. The mass transition followed was m/z 611.0 → 491. The retention time was less than 3.0 min. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 2 to 6125 ng/mL for cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <10%, and the relative standard deviation of recovery was <15% for HSYA in biological matrices. The method was successfully applied for the first time to quantify HSYA in the biological fluids (especially in cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with traumatic brain injury following intravenous administration of XBJ. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Urinary d‐lactate levels reflect renal function in aristolochic acid‐induced nephropathy in mice

Urinary d ‐lactate is highly correlated to diabetic nephropathy – a progressive kidney disease in renal glomeruli. In this study, we used a C3H/3e mouse model to investigate the relationship between urinary d ‐lactate and aristolochic acid nephropathy where the glomerular structure is not affected. The nephropathy was induced using intravenous injections of aristolochic acid at a dosage of 10 mg/kg per day for 5 days and was characterized biochemically and histologically. The urinary excretions of proteins, N‐acetyl‐β‐d ‐glucosaminidase and serum creatinine were determined and connected to histological conventional findings. Urinary d ‐lactate was analyzed using column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results showed a remarkable increase of urinary markers, including of urinary proteins and N‐acetyl‐β‐d ‐glucosaminidase, and the histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of acute tubule necrosis. The ratio of d ‐lactate to creatinine in the urine of aristolochic acid‐treated mice was approximately 36 times greater than that of the mice in the control group (p < 0.05). The ratios for the two groups of mice were 311.00 ± 71.70 and 8.60 ± 1.80 µmol/mmol creatinine, respectively. These data confirm in vivo that urinary d ‐lactate reflects renal injury conditions in aristolochic acid‐treated mice and may be a marker for the assessment of nephropathy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polymer Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction

The nervous system is a significant part of the human body, and peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma can cause various functional disorders. When the broken end defect is large and cannot be repaired by direct suture, small gap sutures of nerve conduits can effectively replace nerve transplantation and avoid the side effect of donor area disorders. There are many choices for nerve conduits, and natural materials and synthetic polymers have their advantages. Among them, the nerve scaffold should meet the requirements of good degradability, biocompatibility, promoting axon growth, supporting axon expansion and regeneration, and higher cell adhesion. Polymer biological scaffolds can change some shortcomings of raw materials by using electrospinning filling technology and surface modification technology to make them more suitable for nerve regeneration. Therefore, polymer scaffolds have a substantial prospect in the field of biomedicine in future. This paper reviews the application of nerve conduits in the field of repairing peripheral nerve injury, and we discuss the latest progress of materials and fabrication techniques of these polymer scaffolds.     

大斯托克斯位移远红光至近红外荧光探针用于检测肝损伤过程中过氧化亚硝酸盐的动态变化

肝损伤是影响公众健康的重大问题之一, 已经引起了人们越来越多的关注. 而过表达的过氧化亚硝酸盐(ONOO^?)在肝损伤等疾病的发病机制中起着重要作用, 被认为是一种与早期肝损伤密切相关的生物活性分子. 因此, 为了探究ONOO^?在肝损伤过程中的作用, 开发可以实现肝损伤过程中ONOO^?高选择性和实时检测的分析方法具有重要意义. 本文报道了一种具有大斯托克斯位移的远红光至近红外(FR-NIR)ONOO^?荧光探针. 由于该探针具有大的斯托克斯位移, 可以有效消除光谱重叠和自吸收的干扰, 从而显著提高成像的信噪比. 此外, 该探针对ONOO^?具有高的灵敏度(检出限为25.8 nmol/L)和良好的选择性, 被成功用于药物诱导肝损伤过程中ONOO^?信号的成像检测.     

Synchronization of multiple bursting neurons ring coupled via impulsive variables

Synchronization behavior of bursting neurons is investigated in a neuronal network ring impulsively coupled, in which each neuron exhibits chaotic bursting behavior. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and impulsive control theory, sufficient conditions for synchronization of the multiple systems coupled with impulsive variables can be obtained. The neurons become synchronous via suitable impulsive strength and resetting period. Furthermore, the result is obtained that synchronization among neurons is weakened with the increasing of the reset period and the number of neurons. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 29–37, 2015     

Quantification of Volatile Aldehydes Deriving from In Vitro Lipid Peroxidation in the Breath of Ventilated Patients

Exhaled aliphatic aldehydes were proposed as non-invasive biomarkers to detect increased lipid peroxidation in various diseases. As a prelude to clinical application of the multicapillary column–ion mobility spectrometry for the evaluation of aldehyde exhalation, we, therefore: (1) identified the most abundant volatile aliphatic aldehydes originating from in vitro oxidation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids; (2) evaluated emittance of aldehydes from plastic parts of the breathing circuit; (3) conducted a pilot study for in vivo quantification of exhaled aldehydes in mechanically ventilated patients. Pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal were quantifiable in the headspace of oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acids, with pentanal and hexanal predominating. Plastic parts of the breathing circuit emitted hexanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal, whereby nonanal and decanal were ubiquitous and pentanal or heptanal not being detected. Only pentanal was quantifiable in breath of mechanically ventilated surgical patients with a mean exhaled concentration of 13 ± 5 ppb. An explorative analysis suggested that pentanal exhalation is associated with mechanical power—a measure for the invasiveness of mechanical ventilation. In conclusion, exhaled pentanal is a promising non-invasive biomarker for lipid peroxidation inducing pathologies, and should be evaluated in future clinical studies, particularly for detection of lung injury.     

CDK5-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1 during neuronal maturation

Mitochondrial functions are essential for the survival and function of neurons. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mitochondrial functions are highly associated with mitochondrial morphology, which is dynamically changed by the balance between fusion and fission. Mitochondrial morphology is primarily controlled by the activation of dynamin-related proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which promotes mitochondrial fission. Drp1 activity is regulated by several post-translational modifications, thereby modifying mitochondrial morphology. Here, we found that phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (S616) is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in post-mitotic rat neurons. Perturbation of CDK5 activity modified the level of Drp1^S616 phosphorylation and mitochondrial morphology in neurons. In addition, phosphorylated Drp1^S616 preferentially localized as a cytosolic monomer compared with total Drp1. Furthermore, roscovitine, a chemical inhibitor of CDKs, increased oligomerization and mitochondrial translocation of Drp1, suggesting that CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of Drp1 serves to reduce Drp1''s fission-promoting activity. Taken together, we propose that CDK5 has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology via inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1^S616 in post-mitotic neurons.     

SOFA评分联合超声对脓毒症合并AKI患者的预后价值分析

本文主要探究SOFA评分联合超声对脓毒症合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的预后价值。选取2017年1月~2019年1月本院脓毒症合并AKI患者50例作为观察组,并分为AKI 1、2、3期,将同期入院的50例脓毒症患者作为对照组,两组患者均采用SOFA评分联合超声进行预后评估。结果发现,观察组PDU评分低于对照组(P<0.05),RI值、SOFA评分高于对照组(P<0.05);不同分期的3组间的PDU评分、SOFA评分不同,随着AKI分期的增加,PDU评分降低、SOFA评分增加(P<0.05),但3组间的RI值并无不同(P>0.05);50例脓毒症合并AKI患者发生院内死亡率为44.00%。经单因素分析发现,年龄、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、AKI分期、脓毒症休克、SOFA评分、PDU评分为影响患者预后不佳的因素(P<0.05);AKI3期、发生脓毒性休克、SOFA评分、PDU评分是脓毒症合并AKI患者预后不佳的独立因素(P<0.05),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)越大,对预后的预测效能越好,当AUC>70.00%时具有临床价值。两者联合显著高于单独应用SOFA评分(AUC=74.28%)或PDU评分(P<0.001)。上述结果说明,脓毒症合并AKI患者采用SOFA评分联合超声用于评估患者的预后,优于单独采用SOFA评分或超声,两者联合的预测价值更大。