两种含锌化合物对慢性染铅大鼠海马NADPH-d阳性神经元影响的比较

为探讨硫酸锌(ZnSO4)和牛磺酸锌(TZC)拮抗铅对学习记忆的损害的不同，采用NADPH-黄递酶(NADPH-d)组化，观察了饮用含0.2g／L醋酸铅(PbAc)饮水和含不同剂量(5．0，15．0g／kg)ZnSO4、(5．9、17．7g／kg)TZC饲料喂养的大鼠海马一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化。结果表明，各补锌组均不同程度地缓解铅致NOS活力减低，铅 低TZC组、铅 高ZnSO4组和铅 低ZnSO4组大鼠海马神经元的NOS活性明显高于染铅组，其中铅 低TZC组的保护作用最显著，而铅 高TZC组的NOS活性明显低于对照组，而接近染铅组水平。结论是锌对抗铅的毒性作用与锌的化学结合形式、锌的剂量密切相关。     

Synchronization of multiple bursting neurons ring coupled via impulsive variables

Synchronization behavior of bursting neurons is investigated in a neuronal network ring impulsively coupled, in which each neuron exhibits chaotic bursting behavior. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and impulsive control theory, sufficient conditions for synchronization of the multiple systems coupled with impulsive variables can be obtained. The neurons become synchronous via suitable impulsive strength and resetting period. Furthermore, the result is obtained that synchronization among neurons is weakened with the increasing of the reset period and the number of neurons. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 29–37, 2015     

CDK5-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1 during neuronal maturation

Mitochondrial functions are essential for the survival and function of neurons. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mitochondrial functions are highly associated with mitochondrial morphology, which is dynamically changed by the balance between fusion and fission. Mitochondrial morphology is primarily controlled by the activation of dynamin-related proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which promotes mitochondrial fission. Drp1 activity is regulated by several post-translational modifications, thereby modifying mitochondrial morphology. Here, we found that phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (S616) is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in post-mitotic rat neurons. Perturbation of CDK5 activity modified the level of Drp1^S616 phosphorylation and mitochondrial morphology in neurons. In addition, phosphorylated Drp1^S616 preferentially localized as a cytosolic monomer compared with total Drp1. Furthermore, roscovitine, a chemical inhibitor of CDKs, increased oligomerization and mitochondrial translocation of Drp1, suggesting that CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of Drp1 serves to reduce Drp1''s fission-promoting activity. Taken together, we propose that CDK5 has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology via inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1^S616 in post-mitotic neurons.     

FitzHugh-Nagumo神经元网络的同步振荡与联想记忆

本文研究由FitzHugh—Nagumo神经元所组成的脉动神经元网络的同步与联想记忆恢复。基于神经元微观生理结构，本文给出具有空间随机分布延时的神经元间耦合，而这种随机分布延时描述了脉动信号从突触前神经元到突触后神经元在轴突上传播所需要的时间。记忆由空时发放的神经元集群表达，在噪声涨落的作用下，系统取得了对不完整输入的记忆恢复。     

Multiple resonances with time delays in scale-free networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons subjected to non-Gaussian noise

The spiking behavior with varying time delay in scale-free networks of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons with non-Gaussian noise has been studied,and the effect of non-Gaussian noise on the delay-induced spiking behavior is discussed. It was found that multiple spatio-temporal resonances occur when the delay lengths are integer multiples of the spiking periods,and the resonances may be strengthened when the non-Gaussian noise is appropriate. This result shows that time delays can optimize the spiking temporal regulari...     

Modeling and dynamics of double Hindmarsh-Rose neuron with memristor-based magnetic coupling and time delay

The firing of a neuron model is mainly affected by the following factors:the magnetic field, external forcing current, time delay, etc. In this paper, a new time-delayed electromagnetic field coupled dual Hindmarsh-Rose neuron network model is constructed. A magnetically controlled threshold memristor is improved to represent the self-connected and the coupled magnetic fields triggered by the dynamic change of neuronal membrane potential for the adjacent neurons. Numerical simulation confirms that the coupled magnetic field can activate resting neurons to generate rich firing patterns, such as spiking firings, bursting firings, and chaotic firings, and enable neurons to generate larger firing amplitudes. The study also found that the strength of magnetic coupling in the neural network also affects the number of peaks in the discharge of bursting firing. Based on the existing medical treatment background of mental illness, the effects of time lag in the coupling process against neuron firing are studied. The results confirm that the neurons can respond well to external stimuli and coupled magnetic field with appropriate time delay, and keep periodic firing under a wide range of external forcing current.     

具有自适应反馈突触的神经元模型中的混沌:电路设计

近期文献中报道了在具有自适应反馈突触的神经元模型中,随着参数的变化,存在从两个共存吸引子到一个相连吸引子再到两个共存吸引子的混沌转化现象.本文对此模型进行了电路设计,同时对具有非单调激活函数功能的电路设计进行了细致的研究,并利用Electronic Workbench (EWB)软件对所设计的电路进行了仿真实验,研究了电路中的混沌现象,验证了所设计电路的动力学行为与通过数值模拟结果十分相似. 关键词： 自适应反馈突触 神经元模型 混沌 电路设计     

Dynamics of a neuron model in different two-dimensional parameter-spaces

We report some two-dimensional parameter-space diagrams numerically obtained for the multi-parameter Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model. Several different parameter planes are considered, and we show that regardless of the combination of parameters, a typical scenario is preserved: for all choice of two parameters, the parameter-space presents a comb-shaped chaotic region immersed in a large periodic region. We also show that exist regions close these chaotic region, separated by the comb teeth, organized themselves in period-adding bifurcation cascades.     

Parameter space of the Rulkov chaotic neuron model

The parameter space of the two dimensional Rulkov chaotic neuron model is taken into account by using the qualitative analysis, the co-dimension 2 bifurcation, the center manifold theorem, and the normal form. The goal is intended to clarify analytically different dynamics and firing regimes of a single neuron in a two dimensional parameter space. Our research demonstrates the origin that there exist very rich nonlinear dynamics and complex biological firing regimes lies in different domains and their boundary curves in the two dimensional parameter plane. We present the parameter domains of fixed points, the saddle-node bifurcation, the supercritical/subcritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, stability conditions of non hyperbolic fixed points and quasiperiodic solutions. Based on these parameter domains, it is easy to know that the Rulkov chaotic neuron model can produce what kinds of firing regimes as well as their transition mechanisms. These results are very useful for building-up a large-scale neuron network with different biological functional roles and cognitive activities, especially in establishing some specific neuron network models of neurological diseases.     

Synaptic Coupling Between Two Electronic Neurons

An electrical circuit is proposed to realize an unidirectional coupling between two cells, mimicking chemical synaptic coupling. Each cell represents the FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) model of neuron with a modified exitability (MFHN). We present experimental results on frequency doublings and on the chaotic dynamics depending on the coupling strength in a master–slave configuration. In all experiments, we stress the influence of the coupling strength on the control of the slave neuron.