Anomalous spreading behaviour of polyethyleneglycoldistearate monolayers at air/water interface

Spreading behaviour of the dimeric surfactant polyethylene-glycoldistearate (PEGDS) monolayer at air/water interface has been studied using surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms as a function of temperature. The isotherms show a plateau suggesting a transition between a liquid expanded (LE) and a condensed state. The condensed state possibly arises due to nucleation and growth of multilayers from the monolayer. Isobaric measurements of bothA-T and π-T at constant area show transitions atT = 295 K. These plots suggest a melting followed by formation of condensed microcrystallites. Structure optimization carried out using various angles of orientation of the alkyl tails with respect to the backbone in PEGDS reveals tilt transitions of the tails in different states which can be related to the packing behaviour seen in the isotherms. Optical microscopy has been used to confirm the structures in these states.     

CdSxSe1-x半导体微晶掺杂玻璃在抗共振环APM激光器中不能压窄脉

本文对具有较大非线性系数,较快非线性响应和回复时间的CdS_xSe_1-x半导体微晶掺杂玻璃能否在挽共振环(亦称为非谐振环)APM激光器中有效地压缩脉宽等问题做了详尽的理论与实验的切耐与分析。理论计算与实验研究的结果均表明:在抗共振环APM激光器中,应用CdS_xSe_1-x半导体微晶掺杂玻璃不能使超短光脉冲宽度被压窄。     

微波水热时间对CuS微晶形貌及光学性能的影响

采用微波水热法,以Cu(NO3)2·3H2O和SC(NH2)2为原料,在无模板剂的条件下,对靛铜矿CuS微晶进行了形貌的可控制备.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)分别对产物的物相,形貌和光学性能进行了表征.结果表明:微波水热条件下,反应温度为150℃时,反应时间仅为5 min即可得到CuS微晶,随着反应时间的延长,产物的结晶性逐渐提高,同时其形貌由纳米片形成的花球形逐渐转变为卷曲的棒状结构.所制备的CuS微晶具有较强的可见光吸收特性,同块体材料相比有明显的红移,其光学禁带宽度显著降低.此外,伴随产物形貌随时间的变化,其禁带宽度也发生相应改变,表明通过改变微波加热时间(10 ～40min),可对所得产物的光学性质进行控制.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备CuAlO2微晶及其合成活化能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了铜铁矿结构的CuAlO2微晶,利用示差扫描量热法(DSC)对其合成活化能进行了初步研究;通过XRD、TEM等分析方法对CuAlO2微晶的物相组成和显微结构进行表征.结果表明,以乙酸铜、硝酸铝和乙二醇为反应原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法可以成功制备CuAlO2微晶.前躯体在烧结过程中,首先生成了CuAl2O4和CuO中间相,然后继续反应再形成了CuAlO2微晶.DSC分析表明CuAlO2的合成温度在1181 ℃左右,计算得到其合成活化能为88.25 kJ/mol.利用紫外-可见光谱分析,CuAlO2微晶的光学带隙约为3.85 eV.     

Correlation between crystal texture and microporous structure of carbon adsorbents

A correlation of adsorption and X-ray data for a series of both initial and modified active carbons (AC) was performed. The AC were modified by thermal treatment and progressive activation. A linear correlation between the sizes of crystallites and micropore widths of AC was established. It was shown that the adsorption of water vapor results in an increase in the parameterL _aof crystallites of active carbons.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2159–2162, November, 1995.The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 94-03-09550).     

纳米尺寸CdS半导体微晶的光致发光线宽宽化研究

测量了各种温度下玻璃中掺杂纳米尺寸CdS半导体微晶的光致发光光谱,研究了其光致发光带的峰值能量和线宽对温度的依赖关系.考虑CdS微晶的LO声子的相互作用,拟合了其带隙发光带的线宽随温度的变化曲线,获得样品的非均匀线宽.CdS微晶的非均匀线宽主要是由于微晶的尺寸分布引起的.     

CdS_xSe_（1－x）半导体微晶掺杂玻璃在抗共振环APM激光器中不能压窄脉

本文对具有较大非线性系数，较快非线性响应和回复时间的ＣｄＳ＿ｘＳｅ＿（１－ｘ）半导体微晶掺杂玻璃能否在挽共振环（亦称为非谐振环）ＡＰＭ激光器中有效地压缩脉宽等问题做了详尽的理论与实验的切耐与分析。理论计算与实验研究的结果均表明：在抗共振环ＡＰＭ激光器中，应用ＣｄＳ＿ｘＳｅ＿（１－ｘ）半导体微晶掺杂玻璃不能使超短光脉冲宽度被压窄．     

Oxidation behavior with quantum dots formation from amorphous GaAs thin films

ABSTRACT

We investigated the oxidation behaviour of an amorphous GaAs thin film deposited onto a micro/nanotextured Si surface by an electron beam. After the deposited film was exposed to air, microcrystallites were formed with octahedral cubic and monoclinic structures of arsenic oxides. Short time exposure after thin film deposition showed the formation of cubic arsenolite while long time exposure showed the formation of monoclinic claudetites as well as cubic arsenolites. These oxide microcrystallites at the GaAs thin film surface disappeared after the sample annealing process. However, the amorphous GaAs thin film included high-density GaAs nanodots. From UV and inverse photoemission spectroscopies, the thin film showed n-type band structure with an energy gap of 2.73?eV. Photoluminescence measurement showed an emission peak at (450–513)?nm with the energy of (2.41–2.75)?eV corresponding to dot size of (4.1–4.5)?nm.     

Rheological properties of microcrystalline chitosan gels

The procedure of thermocatalic processing of chitosan developed allows one to decrease its degree of polymerization to the so-called leveling-off degree and, after the precipitation from a solution and washing, to obtain hydrogels of microcrystalline chitosan (MCC.) The flow curves of the MCC gels showed that a spatial structure was formed in the gels even at low their concentrations. The measurements of vicoelastic properties of the dispersions verified the existence of such a structure. It is shown that, at MCC concentrations above 3%, a transition from the isotropic phase to a liquid-crystalline one occurs. For comparison, the flow properties of chitosan solutions in acetic acid were studied too. The measurements showed that, at the solution concentrations considered, they did not exhibit liquid-crystalline rheological properties. __________ Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 385–398, May–June, 2007.     

Structural characterization of modern and fossilized charcoal produced in natural fires as determined by using electron energy loss spectroscopy

Charcoal produced in natural fires is widespread, but surprisingly little is known about its structure and stability. TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to characterize the organized graphite-like microcrystallites and amorphous nonorganized phases of modern charcoal that had been produced in natural fires. In addition, a semiordered structure was identified in two modern charcoal samples. Fossilized charcoal contains fewer graphite-like microcrystallites than modern samples. EELS spectra confirmed that the dominant structure in fossilized charcoal is amorphous carbon. EELS measurements also revealed that only the nonorganized phase contains oxygen, which indicates that the degradation of the fossilized charcoal structure occurs mainly through oxidation processes. The few graphite-like microcrystallites found in fossilized charcoal were composed of onion-like structures that are probably less prone to oxidation owing to their rounded structures.