白术挥发油中苍术酮氧化反应的动力学

白术挥发油;苍术酮;动力学方程;活化能;反应机理     

顶空液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法用于白术挥发性成分的分析

采用高温顶空液相萃取再转移的方法,对中药白术中挥发性成分进行萃取分离富集,采用顶空液液萃取/气相色谱-质谱(HS-LP-LPE/GC-MS)联用法进行测定,并与传统水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)提取的挥发性成分进行对比。对各种测定条件和影响因素进行了考察,最佳萃取条件为:1.0 mL PEG 400为高温萃取剂,样品用量1.2 g,萃取温度120℃,萃取时间60 min,再将萃取剂用1.0 mL正己烷进行反萃取后进行GC-MS分析;采用HS-LP-LPE/GC-MS鉴定了33个组分,占总组分含量93.18%;SD鉴定了31个组分,占总组分含量97.12%。两种方法共同检测到的组分有29个,均以苍术酮(Atractylone)含量最高。结果表明,两种方法所提取的组分基本相同,可用于白术挥发性成分的测定。     

基于元素指纹的白术产地溯源及其与土壤的相关性研究

本研究主要采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)等手段测定5个产地白术41种矿质元素含量和土壤41种化学成分指标, 结合聚类分析法、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)法和Pearson相关性分析研究了不同产区白术矿质元素特征以及不同产区土壤因子的差异, 并对它们的相关性进行了探讨. 结果表明, 采用无监督的聚类分析和有监督的PLS-DA均能正确判别不同产地的白术和土壤, 其中稀土元素在浙江白术与土壤间呈正相关. 另外, Li、V、Mn、Co、Cu、Rb、Cd、Cs、Ba等微量元素是白术产地溯源的关键因素. 研究发现在白术生产实践中可以通过适量控制种植地的土壤湿度、增施特定肥料等措施调控白术矿质元素含量. 本研究将为解释道地白术的品质形成机制, 保证白术药效质量的有效性提供一定帮助.     

Preparative isolation and purification of atractylon and atractylenolide III from the Chinese medicinal plant atractylodes macrocephala by high-speed counter-current chromatography

The medicinal plant Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu in Chinese) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for energy and stomach complaints, treatment of dyspepsia and anorexia, anti-inflammation, anticancer and for increasing assimilation. A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed for the preparative separation and purification of two main bioactive components, namely, atractylon and atractylenolide III from A. macrocephala by using light petroleum (60-90 degrees C)-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (4:1:4:1 v/v) as the two-phase solvent system in dual-mode elution. Compared with the separation using the normal-mode elution, the dual-mode HSCCC can be achieved with shorter elution time. Atractylenolide III (32.1 mg) at 99.0% purity and 319.6 mg atractylon at 97.8% purity could be obtained from 1000 mg crude sample in a single run. The recoveries of atractylenolide III and atractylon were 95.4 and 92.6%, respectively.     

超临界流体CO2萃取中药有效成分的抗氧化性的分光光度法研究

利用超临界流体二氧化碳萃取技术提取中药虎杖、大黄、炒白术中黄酮类化合物。在pH8．2的HCl—tris缓冲溶液中利用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定提取物对超氧阴离子自由基的消除作用。用茜素紫作显色剂的分光光度法在pH9．0的HCl—tris缓冲体系中测定中药提取物对Co^2 H2O2体系所产生的羟基自由基的消除作用,并对实验条件进行了探讨。实验结果表明,3种中药提取物对自由基都有消除作用,其中虎杖的效果最好。     

Newly Generated Atractylon Derivatives in Processed Rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz

Thermally processed rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala (RAM) have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating various disorders, and have been an integral part of various traditional drugs and healthcare products. In TCM, herbal medicines are, in most cases, uniquely processed. Although it is thought that processing can alter the properties of herbal medicines so as to achieve desired functions, increase potency, and/or reduce side effects, the underlying chemical changes remain unclear for most thermally processed Chinese herbal medicines. In an attempt to shed some light on the scientific rationale behind the processes involved in traditional medicine, the RAM processed by stir-frying with wheat bran was investigated for the change of chemical composition. As a result, for the first time, five new chemical entities, along with ten known compounds, were isolated. Their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. The possible synthetic pathway for the generation of such thermally-induced chemical entities was also proposed. Furthermore, biological activity evaluation showed that none of the compounds possessed cytotoxic effects against the tested mammalian cancer and noncancer cell lines. In addition, all compounds were ineffective at inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic microorganisms.     

复方枳术丸的化学研究——(Ⅳ)白术中羟基苍术内酯的极谱测定

本文报道一种测定中药白术中羟基苍术内酯(Ⅰ)的单扫描示波极谱方法。在0.2mol/LNH_4Cl-4%乙醇溶液(pH5±1)中,Ⅰ有一灵敏的极谱还原波,峰电位为-0.90V(vs.SCE),峰高与Ⅰ浓度在8×10~(-8)～1.6×10~(-6)mol/L范围内有线性关系。应用本方法测定生,炒白术中Ⅰ的含量,结果令人满意。该波是由于Ⅰ中丁烯羟酸内酯环还原所致,其电极反应为四电子不可逆过程。     

航天育种第4代白术的XRF和PXRD分析

用X射线荧光(XRF)和X射线衍射(PXRD)技术对第4代太空组和地面组白术中元素种类、含量及主要化学组分的微结构进行测定并作对比分析。结果表明,太空组比地面组白术少了Na和Ti两种元素,K和Mn的含量分别提高到1.16和1.15倍,其他元素含量有不同程度的下降,尤其是Si和P,分别下降了82.1%和71.2%;在地面组白术中鉴别出含有一水草酸钙和菊糖,而太空组白术中不含菊糖,一水草酸钙的含量比地面组明显减小。航天育种有利于选育出变异幅度大的特异质白术新品种。这两种技术配合使用适宜对变异幅度大的航天育种药用植物的元素和主要组分微结构的分析。     

白术多糖的分离纯化与结构表征

采用UV, IR, NMR, GC-MS, 高碘酸氧化和Smith降解等物理化学方法对从白术根茎提取的白术多糖的纯度、理化性质和结构进行了表征. 以中药白术的根茎为原料, 通过热水(80 ℃)浸提和乙醇醇沉得到粗多糖, 再经DEAE-52阴离子交换柱层析分离和Sephadex G-200凝胶柱层析纯化, 得到一种水溶性的白术多糖(WAM). 经高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析, 多糖WAM是分子量约为3263的均一多糖. GC分析表明, WAM是由葡萄糖和半乳糖以摩尔比3.01:1构成的杂多糖. 甲基化分析、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、部分酸水解、NMR和IR等分析结果表明, WAM具有多分支结构, 主链由β-D-1→3和β-D-1→3,6吡喃葡萄糖构成, 每个重复单元具有一个支链, 支链由β-D-半乳糖构成, 连接在主链葡萄糖的6位碳原子上.     

荧光光谱法研究分解后白术挥发油与β-环糊精和羟丙基-β-环糊精的包合作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了多组分分解后白术挥发油(DVOA)与β-环糊精(β-CD)和羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)的包合作用。固定挥发油质量,考察了β-CD和HP-β-CD的浓度及包合时间对挥发油荧光强度的影响,同时采用荧光双倒数法计算了挥发油与β-CD和HP-β-CD的包合比及包合常数,并进一步研究了挥发油/HP-β-CD包合物的热力学特性。实验结果表明,挥发油的荧光强度随β-CD和HP-β-CD浓度的增大而逐渐增加,表明包合物的形成,包合比均为1∶1;25℃下挥发油与β-CD和HP-β-CD的包合常数分别为110、172L/mol,表明包合稳定性为HP-β-CDβ-CD。温度25℃、35℃和45℃下,挥发油与HP-β-CD的包合常数分别为172、130、83L/mol,△G、△H和△S均为负值,且△H小于一般反应热,表明升高温度挥发油与HP-β-CD的包合稳定性降低;包合反应可自发进行,且为放热反应,包合过程是挥发油分子与HP-β-CD分子间氢键和范德华力作用的结果。