Efficient removal of anionic dye by protonated APTES modified hydrochar: The effect of cold-activation

The study focused on determining the effect of acidic and basic cold activation on hydrochar (HC) for the removal of methyl orange (MO). HC was prepared by hawthorn seeds (HS) under hydrothermal carbonization. HC was cold-activated with HCl and NaOH, respectively, and they were grafted with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and protonated to obtain AHC-N⁺ (acid-activated and modified HC) and BHC-N⁺ (base-activated and modified HC) to determine the effect of acidic and basic activation. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, thermal analysis, zeta potential, N₂ adsorption–desorption measurements, and SEM–EDX analysis. The prepared adsorbents displayed MO adsorption due to abundant protonated amine groups. BHC-N⁺ showed higher MO adsorption than AHC-N⁺. The result showed that more protonated APTES groups grafted on the surface of HC via NaOH activation. The obtained data had a good fitting with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic. The maximum adsorption capacity of BHC-N⁺ was 250.38 mg g⁻¹. The adsorption mechanism could be attributed to the electrostatic interactions between MO and protonated amine groups of APTES and hydrogen bonding.     

水热炭的制备、性质及应用

水热炭是一种以生物质或其组分为原料,以水为溶剂和反应介质,在150~375 ℃和自生压力下,经水热反应得到的以碳为主体,含氧官能团丰富,热值(HHV)高的黑色固体产物。水热炭的性质主要受原料种类、反应温度和时间的影响。水热炭在吸附、多孔炭制备、催化剂载体和清洁能源等领域展现出了良好的应用前景。本文综述了水热炭的制备、性质和形成机理,并对水热炭的应用进行了总结,对水热炭未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

神府烟煤焦与城市固体废弃物水热炭焦共气化反应特性的实验研究

基于常压热重分析仪(TG)开展了神府烟煤焦(SF char)、水热炭焦(HTC char)及其混合物等温CO_2气化实验以研究气化温度(800-950℃)、掺混比(3∶1、1∶1、1∶3)对共气化特性的影响,并探讨了气化反应活化能及其影响因素。结果表明,HTC因其较大的比表面积和较多的灰分而具有较强的气化活性。低HTC掺混比的混合物气化活性对温度变化敏感。低温下混合物的气化活性受HTC掺混影响显著。反应活化能随着反应转化率的增大而逐渐增大并趋于稳定。进一步研究表明,混合物的活化能与其掺混比以及活性矿物(K+Na)/Ca的物质的量比均存在近似线性关系。     

Nitrogen-Containing Hydrochar: The Influence of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds on the Hydrochar Formation

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of fructose and urea containing solutions was conducted at 180 °C to study the influence of nitrogen-containing compounds on the conversion process and HTC products properties. The concentration of fructose was fixed, while the concentration of urea was gradually increased to study its influence on the formation of nitrogen-containing hydrochar (N−HC). The degradation of urea has an important influence on the HTC of fructose. The Maillard reaction (MR) promotes the formation of N−HC in acidic conditions. However, in alkaline conditions, MR promotes the formation of bio-oil at the expense of N−HC. Alkaline conditions reduce N−HC yield by catalyzing fragmentation reactions of fructose and by promoting the isomerization of fructose to glucose. The results showed that adjusting the concentration of nitrogen-containing compounds or the pH value of the reaction environment is important to force the reaction toward the formation of N−HC or N-bio-oil.     

Preparation and Application of a Hydrochar-Based Palladium Nanocatalyst for the Reduction of Nitroarenes

In the present study, a novel heterogeneous catalyst was successfully fabricated through the decoration of palladium nanoparticles on the surface of designed Fe₃O₄-coffee waste composite (Pd-Fe₃O₄-CWH) for the catalytic reduction of nitroarenes. Various characterization techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM and EDS were used to establish its nano-sized chemical structure. It was determined that Pd-Fe₃O₄-CWH is a useful nanocatalyst, which can efficiently reduce various nitroarenes, including 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4-NBA), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (4-NPD), 2-nitroaniline (2-NA) and 3-nitroanisole (3-NAS), using NaBH₄ in aqueous media and ambient conditions. Catalytic reactions were monitored with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, Pd-Fe₃O₄-CWH was proved to be a reusable catalyst by maintaining its catalytic activity through six successive runs. Moreover, the nanocatalyst displayed a superior catalytic performance compared to other catalysts by providing a shorter reaction time to complete the reduction in nitroarenes.