Plasmon Coupling-Induced Hot Electrons for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation

We present the fabrication of core-shell-satellite Au@SiO₂-Pt nanostructures and demonstrate that LSPR excitation of the core Au nanoparticle can induce plasmon coupling effect to initiate photocatalytic hydrogen generation from decomposition of formic acid. Further studies suggest that the plasmon coupling effect induces a strong local electric field between the Au core and Pt nanoparticles on the SiO₂ shell, which enables creation of hot electrons on the non-plasmonic-active Pt nanoparticles to participate hydrogen evolution reaction on the Pt surface. In addition, small SiO₂ shell thickness is required in order to obtain a strong plamon coupling effect and achieve efficient photocatalytic activities for hydrogen generation.     

曲轴箱窜气量检测仪的研制

介绍了车用压差式气体流量传感器的结构设计和电测电路，指出了传感器的使用范围，由实验测出了特性曲线．该仪器可检测车用发动机曲轴箱窜气量，适用于发动机不解体故障诊断．     

Energy Spectrum Width and Nonequilibrium Energy of Rayleigh Waves Scattered on a Two-Dimensional Near-Surface Electron Layer

We obtain expressions for the energy spectrum widths of Rayleigh waves corresponding to their deformational coupling to Fermi and Boltzmann electrons in a two-dimensional layer near the surface of a semibounded solid. We evaluate the nonequilibrium energy of Rayleigh waves that depends on these widths and is caused by the same coupling to the corresponding hot electrons. We show that this energy is independent of the degeneracy degree of the electrons and is given by the mean energy of free Rayleigh waves heated up to temperature of the electrons. We find conditions under which the thermodynamics is determined by this nonequilibrium energy of Rayleigh waves in films of a certain thickness with Fermi electrons near the surface and by the equilibrium energy of bulk phonons in thicker samples. All the results are obtained using the Keldysh diagram technique applied to the case of semibounded media.     

Nickel Chloride Promoted Glaser Coupling Reaction in Hot Water

A Glaser coupling reaction of terminal alkynes in the presence of nickel chloride withoutany organics and bases in hot water has been developed, which produces the correspondinghomo-coupling products in good yields.     

Nuclear Excitation by X-Ray Emission of Femtosecond Laser Plasma

The proposed model of laser plasma emission spectrum formation enables us to determine the absolute value of the laser pulse to plasma emitted radiation conversion factor, profile of the emission spectrum, and frequency distribution of the intensity and energy in the emitted spectra. This is of interest for laser plasma diagnostics and provides a means for direct calculation of the number of excited nuclei in dependent on the parameters of laser pulse. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Succinic acid adsorption from fermentation broth and regeneration

More than 25 sorbents were tested for uptake of succinic acid from aqueous solutions. The best resins were then tested for successive loading and regeneration using hotwater. The key desired properties for an ideal sorbent are high capacity, complete stable regenerability, and specificity for the product. The best resins have a stable capacity of about 0.06 g of succinic acid/g of resin at moderate concentrations (1–5 g/L) of succinic acid. Several sorbents were tested more exhaustively for uptake of succinic acid and for successive loading and regeneration using hot water. One resin, XUS 40285, has a good stable isotherm capacity, prefers succinate over glucose, and has good capacities at both acidic and neutral pH. Succinic acid was removed from simulated media containing salts, succinic acid, acetic acid, and sugar using a packed column of sorbent resin, XUS 40285. The fermentation byproduct, acetate, was completely separated from succinate. A simple hot water regeneration successfully concentrated succinate from 10 g/L (inlet) to 40–110 g/L in the effluent. If successful, this would lower separation costs by reducing the need for chemicals for the initial purification step. Despie promising initial results of good capacity (0.06 g of succinic/g of sorbent), 70% recovery using hot water, and a recovered concentration of >100 g/L, this regeneration was not stable over 10 cycles in the column. Alternative regeneration schemes using acid and base were examined. Two (XUS 40285 and XFS-40422) showed both good stable capacities for succinic acid over 10 cycles and >95% recovery in a batch operation using a modified extraction procedure combining acid and hot water washes. These resins showed comparable results with actual broth.     

Equilibrium State of Inhomogeneous Plasma

We consider the problem of a self-consistent determination of an essentially inhomogeneous equilibrium state of classical plasma. The solutions of the stationary Vlasov–Poisson equations are constructed in the form of a localized transition layer that separates the domains of homogeneous plasmas with different equilibrium parameters. The layer can also transform into a local perturbation inside a homogeneous plasma. In both cases, the solution contains neither mass currents nor electric currents, and all electrodynamic and hydrodynamic quantities and their derivatives are continuous. The parameters of the adjacent domains uniquely determine the transition layer structure.     

稀土复合变质对新型铸造热锻模具钢组织与性能的影响

研究了稀土复合变质对新型铸造热锻模具钢（CHD钢）组织与性能的组织。结果表明，稀土复合变质能细化晶粒，并且随着稀土量的增加。细化效果明显；加入适量的稀土复合变质后，夹杂物数量明显减少，夹杂物趋于球化并均匀地分布在钢中，形态和分布得以了改善，向钢中加入稀土进行复合变质，能促进贝氏体、奥氏体和位错亚结构的形成，细化马氏体板条。当残留稀土含量为0.02%时，CHD钢的硬度、强度变化不大，断裂韧性（KIC）和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值（△Kth）有所提高，冲击韧性、延伸率、断面收缩率提高了近一倍，抗热疲劳性能也最好。     

镧对含锡、锑残余元素的34CrNi3Mo钢热塑性的改善作用

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机测定了不同含量的残余元素锡、锑及稀土镧对低氧、低硫的34CrNi3Mo钢热塑性的影响;采用SEM及EDS手段研究了稀土镧对不同锡、锑含量的钢断裂方式的影响及在其中形成夹杂物的情况。结果表明,用稀土金属可以改善低氧、低硫钢中残余元素对钢性能的危害;镧可以和钢中较低含量的锑作用生成镧锑金属间化合物,并且发现了少量的镧锡金属间化合物。     

Thermal decomposition of struvite

Struvite (NH₄MgPO₄·6H₂O) is a mineral often found in urinary tracts and kidneys. Thermal decomposition using slow low heating shows that the 'kidney' stone can be decomposed at temperatures below 40°C. At this temperature both ammonia and water are evolved. If more rapid heating is employed the decomposition occurs at around 80°C. The implication of this work rests with the use of low slow heat for the decomposition of the kidney stones. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.