全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2889篇 |
免费 | 270篇 |
国内免费 | 266篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2979篇 |
晶体学 | 18篇 |
力学 | 15篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
数学 | 83篇 |
物理学 | 302篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 75篇 |
2022年 | 260篇 |
2021年 | 217篇 |
2020年 | 184篇 |
2019年 | 155篇 |
2018年 | 157篇 |
2017年 | 136篇 |
2016年 | 157篇 |
2015年 | 112篇 |
2014年 | 135篇 |
2013年 | 273篇 |
2012年 | 155篇 |
2011年 | 101篇 |
2010年 | 109篇 |
2009年 | 100篇 |
2008年 | 110篇 |
2007年 | 119篇 |
2006年 | 110篇 |
2005年 | 94篇 |
2004年 | 80篇 |
2003年 | 75篇 |
2002年 | 74篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有3425条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Most of the novel highly potent drugs, developed on the basis of modern molecular medicine, taking into account cell surface recognition techniques, show poor water solubility. A chemical modification of the drug substance enhancing the solubility often decreases the pharmacological activity. Thus, as an alternative an increase of the solubility can be obtained by the reduction of the size of the drug particles. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to obtain micro or nanosized drug particles by classical or more advanced crystallization using supercritical gases or by milling techniques. In addition, nanosized particles are often not physically stable and need to be stabilized in an appropriate matrix. Thus, it may be of interest to manufacture directly nanosized drug particles stabilized in an inert hydrophilic matrix, i.e. nanostructured and nanocomposite systems. Solid solutions and solid dispersions represent nanostructured and nanocomposite systems. In this context, the use of the vacuum-fluidized-bed technique for the spray-drying of a low water soluble drug cosolubilized with a hydrophilic excipient in a polar organic solvent is discussed. In order to avoid the use of organic solvents, a special spray-freeze-drying technique working at atmospheric pressure is presented. This process is very suitable for temperature and otherwise sensitive drugs such as pharmaproteins. 相似文献
2.
3.
Dielectric relaxation study of the binary mixtures of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (Mw=24000, 40000 and 360000 g mol−1) with ethyl alcohol (EA) and poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) (Mw=200 and 400 g mol−1) in dilute solutions of dioxane were carried out at 10.1 GHz and 35°C. The relaxation time of PVP-EA mixtures was interpreted
by the consideration of a wait-and-switch model in the local structure of self-associated ethyl alcohol molecules and also
the PVP chain length as a geometric constraint for the reorientational motion of ethyl alcohol molecules. The formation of
complexes and effect of PVP chain length on the molecular dynamics, chain flexibility and stretching of PEG molecules in PVP-PEG
mixtures were explored from the comparative values of dielectric relaxation time. Further, relaxation time values in dioxane
and benzene solvent confirm the viscosity independent molecular dynamics in PVP-EA mixtures but the values vary significantly
with the non-polar solvent environment. 相似文献
4.
V. Badescu M. Radu M. Zaharescu A. Vasilescu 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1994,2(1-3):43-49
Gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate the hydrolysis and condensation of tetra-ethoxysilane (TEOS) in nonparental solvents (MeOH and nPrOH). In the presence of nonparental solvents, the reaction that advanced at highest rate is alkoxy group scrambling, that changes the precursor at the molecular level. Subsequent stages of hydrolysis-polycondensation process are essentially determined by the reactivity of the new molecular species formed. 相似文献
5.
The self-diffusion of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in polystyrene have been analyzed using the Vrentas/Duda free-volume diffusion model. Diffusion coefficient predictions suggest an exponential concentration dependence of the activation energy required to overcome attractive forces, E. Without the use of any diffusion data approximating E as zero over the entire concentration range yields self-diffusion coefficient predictions which are in good agreement with experimental data. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
6.
Kaname SasakiHideyuki Nagai Shuichi MatsumuraKazunobu Toshima 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(30):5605-5608
The glycosidations of glucopyranosyl diethyl phosphite and alcohols using an ionic liquid, 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonimidide (C6mim[NTf2]) containing a protic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonimide (HNTf2), as a novel solvent-catalyst system, effectively proceeded under mild conditions to give the corresponding glycosides in good to high yields. Furthermore, this acid-ionic liquid combination could be reused many times for the glycosidations without any loss in efficiency. 相似文献
7.
二安替比林(3,4—二甲氧基)苯基甲烷光度法测定茶叶中锰 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在碱性介质中,加热时空气氧化Mn为Mn,Mn与二安替比林苯基甲烷反应生成橙色产物,吐温20和乳酸起到协同增敏作用,λmax=460nm,ε=7.8×10^4L.mol^-1.cm^-1,锰量在0-12μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。 相似文献
8.
通过选用不同醚类结构做溶剂加热回流Ti(OBu)_4-AIEt_3催化剂,并采用非溶剂聚合方法进行乙炔聚合发现,所得HPPA膜的强度和电导率都有了较大提高。其中直链醚制得的PA膜强度(抗张强度大于100MPa)和空气稳定性比用环醚得到的PA膜高得多,但用前者时的乙炔聚合速率远低于后者。两体系得到的HPPA膜的碘掺杂电导率值相近(~10~3S/cm),拉伸后可达10~4S/cm量级。SEM、TEM及IR光谱的结果表明,不同醚制得的PA膜的纤维束直径及顺式含量有较大差别。 相似文献
9.
Thomas C. Amu 《Journal of solution chemistry》1981,10(1):69-78
Interdiffusion coefficient have been measured for 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane in 21 organic solvents in order to ascertain the influence of shape, size, viscosity, nature and degree of branching, of the solvent molecules on transport properties. None of the existing correlations for diffusion in binary liquid systems appear to fit all the experimental data. Steric effects due to the solvent molecules are shown to be very important in the interpretation of the diffusion process. 相似文献
10.
The effects of some organic solvents and acids on the atomic fluorescence of tin in air-hydrogen flames have been examined. Ketones and alcohols greatly reduced the florescence sensitivity in fuel rich air-hydrogen flame whereas organic acids generally enhanced the fluorescence signal. The depressive effect of organic solvents was found to be highly dependent on the fuel to oxidant ratio in the flame. An attempt has been made to explain these effects, on the basis of possible reactions occurring in the flame.On leave from Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanOn leave from Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain 相似文献