The Synthesis of Glycoglycerolipids

A convenient synthetic route was developed for the synthesis of the novel glycolipids: 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(2‘-acylamide-2‘-denxy-ct-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols. 10 new compounds of glycolipids with different acyl groups were obtained.     

Glycolipids from Leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eminium Lehmanii</Emphasis>

The quantitative composition of glycolipids from leaves of Eminium Lehmanii (Araceae) was established. It was shown that the predominant glycolipids were monogalactosyldiglycerides and digalactosyldiglycerides. The fatty-acid compositions of six glycolipids, of which digalactosyldiglycerides and sterylglycoside esters contained greater than 70% linoleic acid, were determined by GC. The main carbohydrate component of the leaf glycolipids was galactose. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 409–410, September–October, 2005.     

Lipids from Five Cotton Varieties

Seed characteristics and the lipid and fatty-acid compositions were determined for the new cotton varieties ASh-25, Omad, 9771-I, Termez-43, and Bukhara-6.     

Structural characterization of gentiobiosyl diglycerides fromBacillus pumilus associated with ascidiaHalocynthia aurantium

A mixture of 1(3),2-di-O-acyl-3(1)-O-β-gentiobiosylglycerols was isolated from a sea isolate ofBacillus pumilus. The components of the mixture were structurally characterized by mass spectrometry and¹H and¹³C NMR spectroscopy data for the native compounds and their derivatives. The predominant component contains two C₁₅ acyl groups, while the second component contains C₁₅ and C₁₇ fatty acids. Six minor components differ in residues of fatty acids and/or their combinations. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 166–170, January, 2000.     

New lipids from the soft corals of the Andaman Islands

Sphingolipids and glycolipids including previously unknown (2S,3S,4R)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-(2-(R)-hydroxyoctadecanoylamino)octadec-8E-ene, (2S,3R)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-octadecanoylamino-4E,8E-hexadecadiene, and (2-hydroxy-3-hexadecyloxypropyl)--L-fucopyranoside were isolated from soft corals collected on the shelf near the Andaman Islands (Indian Ocean). The structures of all compounds were established by spectroscopic methods and chemical analyses. The lipids possessed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, and Candida albicans.     

Lipids from the Marine Alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gracilaria verrucosa</Emphasis>

The composition of lipids and fatty acids from the red alga Gracilaria verrucosa, for which a high content of 20:4n-6 acid is typical, was studied. The principal lipids were digalactosyldiacylglycerides, phosphatidylcholines (PC), monogalactosyldiacylglyderides (MGDG), and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerides, the fraction of each was approximately the same. Sphingophospholipids, inositephosphoceramides, were identified among the polar lipids. Each lipid class differed in the ratio of fatty acids (FA). The FA of all glycerolipids contained 20:4n-6 acid but its concentration was greatest in MGDG and PC, 67.2% and 56.5% of the acid mass.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 230–232, May–June, 2005.     

Total Synthesis of Nominal Gobienine A

The lichen‐derived glycoconjugate gobienine A is structurally more complex than most glycolipids isolated from higher plants by virtue of the all‐cis substituted γ‐lactone substructure embedded into its macrocyclic frame. A concise entry into this very epimerization‐prone and hence challenging structural motif is presented, which relies on an enantioselective cyanohydrin formation, an intramolecular Blaise reaction, a palladium‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation, and a diastereoselective hydrogenation of the tetrasubstituted alkene in the resulting butenolide. This strategy, in combination with ring‐closing olefin metathesis for the formation of the macrocyclic perimeter, allowed the proposed structure of gobienine A ( 1 ) to be formed in high overall yield. The recorded spectral data show that the structure originally attributed to gobienine A is incorrect and that it is not the epimerization‐prone ester site on the butanolide ring that is the locus of misassignment; rather, the discrepancy must be more profound.     

生物表面活性剂的特性及应用

生物表面活性剂可分为五类:糖脂、多糖脂、脂肽、磷脂及中性脂。木文简述了生物表面活性剂的特性,着重介绍了糖脂化合物的结构,物理化学性质及应用。