Electrocatalytic activity of ordered intermetallic PtSb for methanol electro-oxidation

Ordered intermetallic PtSb had been synthesized by arc-melted and then sintering treatment. The electro-oxidation of liquid methanol on PtSb was investigated at room temperature by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results are compared to those at a polycrystalline platinum electrode surface. It was found that PtSb intermetallic was catalytically more active than pure platinum according to the onset potential and current density. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS technologies had been used to investigate the crystal structure and electron effect.     

Pt-SnO2 / C催化剂对乙醇和吸附态CO的电催化氧化

由于乙醇最有可能成为直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）的替代燃料，因此近年来。对乙醇的电化学氧化及直接乙醇燃料电池的研究已引起人们的很大兴趣。甲醇毒性较大并且易透过Nafion膜进入阴极造成阴极的混合电位而影响DMFC的阴极性能．这是制约DMFC走向实用化的主要问题之一。因此人们在致力于研究直接甲醇燃料电池的同时．也寻求其它的小分子醇作为甲醇的替代燃料。乙醇是除甲醇以外最简单的醇．它来源广泛．无毒，是可再生和环保型能源．并且也有较高的能量密度和反应活性。但是乙醇在电极上的完全氧化因涉及到C-C键的断裂要比甲醇困难．阳极反应动力学过程也比较缓慢。到目前为止铂基催化剂仍然是乙醇氧化最好的催化剂．虽然也有使用非铂催化剂研究乙醇的电氧化，但催化活性远不如铂基催化剂高。     

Synthesis, Structure and Conductivity of the New Charge-transfer Salt (ET)_2(CH_2=CH-CH_2-SO_3)·H_2O

ET is one of the most famous electron-donor molecules, which forms charge-transfer complexes (abbr. CT-complexes) with various types of counterions. These complexes have received intense attention because a wide range of physical properties such as conductivity and superconductivity1, ferromagnetism2-4 and nonlinear optical properties5 was found in these materials. Although the majority of the ET-based CT-complexes were prepared by combining with inorganic counterions, CT-complexes with o…     

Transition Metal Substituted Barium Hexaferrite-Modified Electrode: Application as Electrochemical Sensor of Acetaminophen

This study used substituted barium hexaferrites, which were previously prepared and reported by the authors, to detect acetaminophen by the modification of a conventional glassy carbon electrode (GCE), which led to promising results. The synthesis of this electrode-modifying material was conducted using a citrate sol gel process. A test synthesis using glycerin and propylene glycol revealed that glycerin produced a better result, while less positive anodic potential values were associated with the electrooxidation of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (NAP). Excellent electroactivity was exhibited by the cobalt-substituted barium-hexaferrite-nanomaterial-modified electrode. A good linear relationship between the concentration and the current response of acetaminophen (paracetamol) was obtained with a detection limit of (0.255 ± 0.005) µM for the Ba_1.0Co_1.22Fe_11.41O_18.11 GCE, (0.577 ± 0.007) µM for the Ba_1.14Cu_0.82Fe_11.65O_18.02 GCE, and (0.595 ± 0.008) µM for the bare GCE. The levels of NAP in a real sample of urine were quantitatively analyzed using the proposed method, with recovery ranges from 96.6% to 101.0% and 93.9% to 98.4% for the modified electrode with Cobalt-substituted barium hexaferrites (CoF_M) and Copper-substituted barium hexaferrites (CuF_M), respectively. These results confirm the high electrochemical activity of Ba_1.0Co_1.22Fe_11.41O_18.11 nanoparticles and thus their potential for use in the development of sensing devices for substances of pharmaceutical interest, such as acetaminophen (NAP).     

三维多孔核壳结构PdNi@Au催化剂的制备及对甲酸的电催化氧化

以K₂PdCl₄/K₂Ni(CN)₄为前驱体制备了具有凝胶特性的氰胶(Cyanogels), 利用硼氢化钠还原氰胶得到三维多孔珊瑚状PdNi合金前驱体, 在此基础上通过原位Galvanic置换反应, 制备得到内核为PdNi合金、 表面具有不同厚度Au层的三维多孔PdNi@Au催化剂. X射线衍射(XRD)分析和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测结果显示, 该三维网状结构由粒径约7 nm的纳米颗粒相互连接形成; 能量分散光谱(EDX)线性扫描和元素分布(Mapping)分析显示该催化剂具有典型的核壳结构. 电化学测试结果表明, 表面Au层的厚度影响PdNi@Au催化剂的性能, 当Au的含量(摩尔分数)为5.6%时, 催化剂显示出对甲酸最佳的电催化活性, 对甲酸电催化氧化的峰电流密度达到商业化铂黑催化剂的7.2倍.     

Electrocatalytic activity of porous nanostructured Fe/Pt-Fe electrode for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media

An electrochemical approach to fabricate a nanostructured Fe/Pt-Fe catalyst through electrodepo-sition followed by galvanic replacement is presented. An Fe/Pt-Fe nanostructured electrode was prepared by deposition of Fe-Zn onto a Fe electrode surface, followed by replacement of the Zn by Pt at open-circuit potential in a Pt-containing alkaline solution. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques reveal that the Fe/Pt-Fe electrode is porous and contains Pt. The electrocatalytic activity of the Fe/Pt-Fe electrode for oxidation of methanol was examined by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The electrooxidation current on the Fe/Pt-Fe catalyst is much higher than that on flat Pt and smooth Fe catalysts. The onset potential and peak potential on the Fe/Pt-Fe catalyst are more negative than those on flat Pt and smooth Fe electrodes for methanol electrooxidation. All results show that this nanostructured Fe/Pt-Fe electrode is very attractive for integrated fuel cell applications in alkaline media.     

二甲醚电氧化及其阳极催化剂研究

Anode electro-catalysts for direct dimethyl-ether fuel cell (DDFC), Pt/C, PtRu/C (1∶1) and PtSn/C (3∶2), were prepared by chemical impregnation-reduction method with formaldehyde as the reductant. DME electro-oxidation and adsorption at Pt electrode and Pt electro-catalysts were investigated by Cyclic Voltammetry(CV), Quasi-steady state polarization and Gas Chromatography(GC). CV showed that there were two current peaks of DME electro-oxidation at Pt electrode around 0.8V (vs RHE); DME was adsorbed at Pt electrode more weakly and slowly than oxygen, methanol, even hydrogen; the onset potential of DME oxidation was 50mV less than that of methanol, and DME peak potential 110 mV lower, thus more advantageous for using in fuel cells than methanol. GC showed that small amount of HCHO was generated during DME electro-oxidation. The mechanism of DME electro-oxidation was proposed. Among the three electro-catalysts (Pt/C, PtRu/C and PtSn/C), Pt alloy catalysts, especially PtRu/C, showed a higher performance toward DME electro-oxidation, as in the case of methanol. Temperature experiments showed that both DME electro-oxidation and adsorption on Pt and Pt alloy catalysts were favored with increased temperature.     

纳米钯催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化

采用水热法,以甲醛作还原剂还原Pd2+-EDTA络合物,制得钛基纳米钯颗粒电极(nanoPd/Ti).扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示,纳米钯颗粒直径约为60 nm,形成三维立体网状结构.在碱性溶液中,循环伏安及交流阻抗测试分别表明:nanoPd/Ti电极对甲醇氧化有极高的阳极电流、较低的起始氧化电位和较强的抗CO毒化能力.在nanoPd/Ti电极上甲醇电氧化反应的阻抗值较低,增加甲醇浓度,电极阻抗更低.电极对甲醇氧化具有极好的电催化活性.     

金属间化合物电催化剂Pt1Te1/XC-72的制备及其电催化氧化甲醇性能

以氯铂酸和亚碲酸钠为前驱体,采用两步法在醇水体系下得到负载型Pt1Te1金属间化合物前驱体,通过热处理得到负载型金属间化合物电催化剂Pt1Te1/XC-72.采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、选区电子衍射（SAED）、电子能谱（EDS）和循环伏安方法（CV）对催化剂进行表征.结果表明：所得产物呈有序金属间化合物Pt1Te1结构,平均粒径4.5nm,在碳载体上具有很好的分散性;负载型金属间化合物电催化剂Pt1Te1/XC-72具有较高的电催化氧化甲醇活性,其优秀的催化氧化甲醇活性与Pt形成金属间化合物后所带来的几何及电子结构改变密切相关.     

A high dispersed Pt0.35Pd0.35Co0.30/C as superior catalyst for methanol and formic acid electro-oxidation

Pt：Pd：Co ternary alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by sodium borohydride reduction under nitrogen, and were supported on carbon black as catalysts for methanol and formic acid electro-oxidation. Compared with Pt0.65C00.35/C, Pt/C, Pd0.65C00.35/C, and Pd/C catalyst, Pt0.35Pd0.35Co0.30/C exhibited relatively high durability and strong poisoning resistance, and the Pt-mass activity was 3.6 times higher than that of Pt/C in methanol oxidation reaction. Meanwhile, the Pt0.35Pd0.35Co0.30/C exhibited excellent activity with higher current density and higher CO tolerance than that of Pt0.6sCo0.35/C, Pt/C, Pd0.65C00.35/ C, and Pd/C in formic acid electro-oxidation.