In situ synchrotron PXRD investigation of fresh and aged Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (horsetail grass)

As one of the oldest species, horsetail grass (Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.) is known as a living fossil plant, dating back to the Mesozoic era. Horsetail grass is also considered one of the most important sources of bio-silica due to its ability to accumulate high amounts of silica in all parts of the plant; various minerals can also be isolated by heat treatment. Fresh and aged horsetail grass stored for 2 years under ambient conditions was investigated by synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Clear crystallites were not observed in a fresh sample stored at room temperature; surprisingly, high amounts of gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) and syngenite (K₂Ca[SO₄]₂·H₂O) were observed in the 2-day dried and 2-year aged samples, respectively. However, crystalline silica materials were not observed. In addition, in situ thermal treatment of up to 700°C was applied to investigate the crystals and phase transitions by focusing the X-ray beam onto a single stem. In situ synchrotron PXRD revealed that dehydration occurred in gypsum in the 2-day dried sample with an increase in temperature to hemihydrate (CaSO₄·xH₂O, 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) and anhydrite (CaSO₄). On the other hand, syngenite was transformed to calciolangbeinite (K₂Ca₂[SO₄]₃) at high temperatures in 2-year aged horsetail grass.     

正交设计优化木贼多糖的超声提取工艺(英文)

以蒸馏水为溶剂提取,通过单因素实验和正交实验,研究料液比、超声功率、超声提取温度和超声作用时间对木贼多糖提取效果的影响。超声提取法的优化工艺条件为:料液比(g/mL)1∶20,提取温度70℃,超声功率100 W,作用时间50 min。在此条件下,木贼多糖的平均提取率为12.33%,RSD为0.16%。超声波强化提取木贼多糖省时高效。