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1.
《Progress in Surface Science》2022,97(3):100663
High-reflective multilayer laser coatings are widely used in advanced optical systems from high power laser facilities to high precision metrology systems. However, the real interface quality and defects will significantly affect absorption/scattering losses and laser induced damage thresholds of multilayer coatings. With the recent advances in the control of coating design and deposition processes, these coating properties can be significantly improved when properly engineered the interface and defects. This paper reviews the recent progress in the physics of laser damage, optical losses and environmental stability involved in multilayer reflective coatings for high power nanosecond near-infrared lasers. We first provide an overview of the layer growth mechanisms, ways to control the microstructures and reduce layer roughness, as well as the nature of defects which are critical to the optical loss and laser induced damage. Then an overview of interface engineering based on the design of coating structure and the regulation of deposition materials reveals their ability to improve the laser induced damage threshold, reduce the backscattering, and realize the desirable properties of environmental stability and exceptional multifunctionality. Moreover, we describe the recent progress in the laser damage and scattering mechanism of nodule defects and give the approaches to suppress the defect-induced damage and scattering of the multilayer laser coatings. Finally, the present challenges and limitations of high-performance multilayer laser coatings are highlighted, along with the comments on likely trends in future. 相似文献
2.
Self-assembly is a versatile bottom-up approach for fabricating novel supramolecular materials with well-defined nano- or micro-structures associated with functionalities. The oil-water interface provides an ideal venue for molecular and colloidal self-assembly. This paper gives an overview of various self-assembled materials, including nanoparticles, polymers, proteins, and lipids, at the oil-water interface. Focus has been given to fundamental principles and strategies for engineering the self-assembly process, such as control of pH, ionic strength and use of external fields, to achieve complex soft materials with desired functionalities, such as nanoparticle surfactants, structured liquids, and proteinosomes. It has been shown that self-assembly at the oil-water interface holds great promise for developing well-structured complex materials useful for many research and industrial applications. 相似文献
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固体间界面的物理模型和界面对声波的反射 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
简要描述了模拟两固体间界面特性的弹簧模型,该模型最早是根据静力学方法提出的,后来用固体间界面薄层的声波反射方法加以改进,从界面弹簧模型可以方便地得到界面外近似边界条件,其中包含界面“弹簧”振子的劲度常数和质量,文章还给出了两相间固体中界面声反射系数的表达式,介绍了测量界面劲度常数的超声反射谱方法。最后讨论了仍关声波与界面相互作用研究领域中最近的一些研究进展。 相似文献
5.
PANG Jin-qiao WU Ze-qing YAN Jun 《原子与分子物理学报》2006,23(Z1):37-40
The effects of highly doubly excited states on ionization balance are investigated. In the calculation, A Collisional-Radiative model in Detailed-Configuration-Accounting (DCA) is applied to population calculations for NLTE plasmas. Configuration-averaged rate coefficients that needed in the rate equations are obtained based on the first order perturbation theory. The Hatree-Fock-Slater self-consistent-field method is used to calculate the electron wave functions. The mean ionization stage of high-Z plasma Lu is presented. The comparison shows that the mean ionization stage increases more than 3 stages when doubly excited states 5l6l' and 5l5l' are not included in the population calculations. 相似文献
6.
A. V. Semykin I. A. Kazarinov E. A. Khomskaya 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2006,42(6):643-648
The hydrogen ionization process is studied experimentally on an industrial sintered nickel oxide electrode in models of sealed nickel-metal hydride batteries. It is shown that the hydrogen ionization rates that are reached during overcharge by high current densities in conditions of forced gas delivery into the electrode pores (up to 40 mA cm?2) exceed the self-discharge rate of a nickel-hydrogen battery by two orders of magnitude. Up to 70% of hydrogen delivered into the compact assembly block undergoes ionization during forced charge of models of sealed nickel-metal hydride batteries with a closed hydrogen cycle. Two independent methods (potentiostatic and manometric) are used to determine the relationship between rates of hydrogen ionization with the degree of the electrode filling with gas and perform estimation of the process intensity at a unit reaction surface. It is established that, in conditions of forced gas delivery, practically all the hydrogen oxidation current is generated at the surface of the nickel oxide electrode beneath thin films of an electrolyte solution at the rate of 4–5 mA cm?2. It is shown that the hydrogen oxidation rate on a nickel oxide electrode filled in part by gas is independent of the electrode potential, probably because of a tangible contribution made by diffusion limitations to the overall hampering of the process. 相似文献
7.
A simple simulation scheme that simultaneously describes the growth kinetics of SiO2 films at the nanometer scale and the SiOx/Si interface dynamics (its extent, and spatial/temporal evolution) is presented. The simulation successfully applies to experimental data in the region above and below 10 nm, reproduces the Deal and Grove linear-parabolic law and the oxide growth rate enhancement in the very thin film regime (the so-called anomalous region). According to the simulation, the oxidation is governed mainly by two processes: (a) the formation of a transition suboxide layer and (b) its subsequent drift towards the silicon bulk. We found that it is the superposition of these two processes that produces the crossover from the anomalous oxidation region behavior to the linear-parabolic law. 相似文献
8.
用全实加关联方法计算了类锂V20+离子1s23d-1s2nf的跃迁能和偶极振子强度.依据量子亏损理论, 确定了1s2nf系列的量子数亏损,用这些作为能量的缓变函数的量子亏损,实现对该Rydberg系列任意高激发态(n≥10)的能量的可靠预言.将这些分立态振子强度与量子亏损理论相结合,得到在电离域附近束缚态间的偶极跃迁振子强度以及束缚态-连续态跃迁的振子强度密度,从而将V20+离子的这一重要光谱特性的理论预言外推到整个能域. 相似文献
9.
建立了一个四组分一维混合模型,对电子束注入大气产生大尺度等离子体的过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明了能量为140keV、流强为50mA/cm2的注入电子束,可以产生线度为0.5m,密度为1012cm-3量级的大气环境下等离子体.电子束所伴随的空间电荷效应由于等离子体的产生会很快消失,不影响后续的等离子体产生过程.电子束注入流强主要影响产生等离子体的密度,而电子束能量则同时影响其空间线度和密度.
关键词:
电子束
碰撞
电离 相似文献
10.