Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin Immobilized on Colloidal Gold‐Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite for Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

A novel nanocomposite of colloidal gold (GNPs) and hydroxyapatite nanotubes (Hap) was prepared for immobilization of a redox protein, hemoglobin (Hb), on glassy carbon electrode. The immobilized Hb showed fast direct electron transfer and excellent electrocatalytic behavior toward reduction of hydrogen peroxide. A synergic effect between GNPs and Hap for accelerating the surface electron transfer of Hb was observed, which led to a pair of redox peaks with a formal potential of (?340±2) mV at pH 7.0, and a new biosensor for hydrogen peroxide with a linear range from 0.5 to 25 μM and a limit of detection of 0.2 μM at 3σ. Owing to the good biocompatibility of the nanocomposite, the biosensor exhibited good stability and acceptable reproducibility. The as‐prepared nanocomposite film provided a good matrix for protein immobilization and biosensor preparation.     

以生物质为前驱体合成的碳材料在电化学中的应用

碳元素是自然界中存在的与人类最密切相关、最重要的元素之一。近年来,碳纳米技术的研究相当活跃,多种多样(针状、棒状、桶状等)的碳晶体层出不穷。合成的碳材料中主要有碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳纤维、碳球等。由于碳材料的高比表面积、高稳定性以及良好的导电性,使其在电化学中有广泛的应用。相比于传统的碳材料方法,直接用生物质为前驱体合成碳材料由于成本廉价、合成方法绿色简便,从而更易于大规模工业化生产。同时,用生物质合成碳材料时,会原位引入氮磷等杂原子,对碳材料的性能将产生很大的影响。生物质基碳材料以其优越的性能在燃料电池、超级电容器、锂离子电池等领域有着广阔的应用前景,成为很多金属材料的有效替代品。本文综述了以生物质为前驱体合成的碳材料在电化学中的应用。     

Electrochemical behaviour of solid lithium nickelate (LiNiO2) in an aqueous electrolyte system

Lithium nickelate was synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature combustion. The electrochemical behaviour of the product was studied by cyclic voltammetry of microparticles immobilized on the surface of graphite electrodes. Whereas numerous previous studies have dealt with non-aqueous electrolyte solutions, here the behaviour of lithium nickelate in contact with aqueous electrolyte solutions was investigated. It could be shown that protons are intercalating upon reduction of the Ni(III) to Ni(II) and deintercalating upon oxidation. This insertion electrochemistry is chemically reversible. Within 1600 oxidation-reduction cycles, the response diminished only by about 10%. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a considerable recrystallization during the electrochemical cycles. Energy dispersive X-ray detection proved that no metal cations are intercalating. The electrochemical system is accessible only in very alkaline solutions as it shifts to more positive values with decreasing pH. Received: 18 February 1999 / Accepted: 5 May 1999