An overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of antibiotics in environmental waters

The widespread occurrence of antibiotics as contaminants in the aquatic environment has increased attention in the last years. The concern over the release of antibiotics into the environment is related primarily to the potential for the development of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms. This article presents an overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of quinolone (Qs) and fluoroquinolone (FQs), macrolide (MLs), tetracycline (TCs), sulfonamide (SAs) antibiotics and trimethoprim (TMP) in different environmental waters. The analysis of these antibiotics has usually been carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and to a lesser extent by ultraviolet (UV) or fluorescence detection (FD). A very important step before LC analysis is sample preparation and extraction leading to elimination of interferences and prevention of matrix effect and preconcentration of target analytes.     

芳基氟喹诺酮抗菌剂的合成新方法

提出了一种合成芳基氟喹诺酮抗菌剂二氟沙星和替马沙星的新方法，以2，4- 二氯-5氟苯乙酮为原料，用草酸二乙酯代替文献报道的碳酸二惭酯与之反应，高收 率得到β-酮酸酯，该酮酸酯经乙氧亚甲基化、胺化、环合和水解反应制得比文献 报道的类似物多一个羰基的中间本，再经过氧化物氧化脱羰基，与哌嗪衍生物缩合 制得标题化合物，所制得的新化合物的结构由~1H NMR, IR, MS和元素分析确证。