溶菌酶在裸金电极和疏基乙酸或正十二疏烷基醇修饰电极上的吸附

电化学石英晶体阻抗系统;疏基乙酸;溶菌酶在裸金电极和疏基乙酸或正十二疏烷基醇修饰电极上的吸附     

沐浴海绵Spongia zimocca aubspecles irregularia(Lendenfeld)中的含氮化合物

从沐浴海绵Spongia zimocca aubspecles irregularia(Lendenfeld)分离和处理得到3种含氮化合物,通过波谱法鉴定化学结构,化合物1为新的神经酰胺N-2-(1,3-二羟基-十五烷基)-2′,20′-二十一酰胺,2为神经酰胺(E)-N-2-(1,3-二羟基-4-十八烯基)-十六酰胺,3为醋酸胍.     

High‐energy collision‐induced dissociation of [M+Na]+ ions desorbed by fast atom bombardment of ceramides isolated from the starfish Distolasterias nipon

Ten ceramides and four cerebrosides were extracted from the starfish Distolasterias nipon by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Structural identification was conducted using tandem mass spectrometry of monosodiated ions desorbed by fast atom bombardment. The complete structures of four cerebrosides were determined by a previously reported method. The high‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) spectral characteristics of ceramides with various structures depend on the number and positions of double bonds on both the N‐acyl and sphingoid chains, the presence of a hydroxyl group or a double bond at the C‐4 position of the sphingoid chain and the presence of an α‐hydroxy group on the N‐acyl chain. The high‐energy CID of the monosodiated ion, [M+Na]⁺, of each ceramide molecular species generated abundant ions, providing information on the composition of the fatty acyl chains and sphingoid long‐chain bases. Each homologous ion series along the fatty acyl group and aliphatic chain of the sphingoid base was used for locating the double‐bond positions of both chains and hydroxyl groups on the sphingoid base chain. The double‐bond positions were also confirmed by the m/z values of abundant allylic even‐ and odd‐electron ions, and the intensity ratio of the T ion peak relative to the O ion peak. This technique could determine the complete structures of ceramides and cerebrosides in an extract mixture and has great potential for determining other sphingolipids isolated from various biological sources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A New Ceramide from the Soft Coral Cladiella humesi Verseveldt

Ceramides are increasingly becoming important compounds because of their markedbiological activity. The 2000 International Gordon Research Conference on "Glycolipidand Sphingolipid Biology" will be held in May in italy. It has been recently found thatceramides inhibit Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP)'. Elevation in CETP leadsto atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases2. A literature survey showed that ceramideswere antifungal', and some of these showed antimicrobial and cytotox…     

Triflic Acid-Promoted Formylation of Ceramide in Dimethylformamide

The protected ceramide: N‐((2S,3S,4R)‐3,4‐bis(benzyloxy)‐1‐hydroxyoctadecan‐2‐yl)tetracosanamide, was attempted to introduce a triflate as a leaving group followed by a nucleophilic substitution with azido group in one‐pot manner. Unexpectedly, the oxazole ring formed via a thermodynamically favored intramolecular cyclization was opened to generate the original ceramide by triflic acid. In addition, the residual acid promoted a formylation of the primary hydroxy group in DMF.     

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Walnut (Juglans regia) Bark with Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus mutans

A green method using Juglans regia bark extract was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles at room temperature with monitoring by absorption spectroscopy. The size and shape of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The average particle size was from 10 to 30?nm. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the separation, identification, and quantification of components of the plant extracts. A possible mechanism for the synthesis of nanoparticles was elucidated based on the GC–MS results. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed effective inhibition against Streptococcus mutans, which is the main causative agent for dental caries. The nanoparticles also showed promising antibiofilm activity by inhibiting the glucosyltransferase enzyme.     

Quantitative sphingosine measurement as a surrogate for total ceramide concentration—preclinical and potential translational applications

Biomarkers are an increasingly important constituent of the drug development process, offering the potential of increased efficiency through reduced compound attrition and earlier proof of mechanism and/or efficacy. Assays developed for compound screening that can be directly translated for clinical trials are especially valuable, but their successful adoption requires a careful balance between assay performance and implementation costs. One such ‘fit‐for‐purpose’ biomarker assay, the indirect measurement of pharmacological modulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis and disposition, is presented here. Among spingolipids, numerous ceramide species are readily detectable in different lipoprotein fractions of mammalian plasma, but their parallel quantification can be prohibitively expensive and time consuming. Ceramides differ in their fatty acid moiety, which is readily removed by hydrolysis, yielding a common sphingosine derivative, the measurement of which serves as an indicator of total ceramide. When followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for detection, robust analyte quantification becomes relatively straightforward. The practical utility of a method developed to be fit for the purpose of rapidly and quantitatively measuring treatment‐induced variations in total ceramide from hamster plasma and individual lipoprotein fractions is described. With a linear calibration range from 0.003 to 33.4 μm sphingosine, precision and accuracy error in plasma‐based quality controls spiked with ceramides was less than 15%. The specificity of the assay for ceramides was also assessed. The simplicity of the method would allow for its potential translation to other preclinical species, as well as for clinical applications in later‐stage drug development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

皱瘤海鞘的化学成分研究

从中国广东惠州大亚湾海域采集的皱瘤海鞘的甲醇-氯仿提取物中分离出混合甾醇和神经酰胺两类化合物,混合甾醇经波谱分析和GC/MS联机分析,发现基主要由9种甾醇组成,含量约为甲醇-氯仿提取物的20%。通过波谱分析（如IR,^1HNMR,^13CNMR（DEPT）、^1H-^1H COSY、RCT、FABMS）和GC/MS分析证明神经酰胺结构是由4个同系物组成,含量为提取物的0.1%。同时也初步探讨了共生的皱瘤海鞘与冠瘤海鞘化学成分差异的原因。     

长枝沙菜乙醇-乙酸乙酯溶出物的化学成分

海洋药物具有显著的药理稳定性和强效性,毒副作用相对较小,对防治癌症、艾滋病、心脑血管病、老年病等疑难杂症具有独特的作用,已成为开发新药、特效药的主要方向之一。长枝沙菜(Hyphea Charoides Lamx.)属红藻门沙菜科,其微量元素含量丰富。本文首次对长枝沙菜的化学成分进行了研究,从中分离得到神经酰胺和甾醇两类具有较强生理活性的物质。