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排序方式: 共有8123条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We analyze diffusion from a periodic array of hemispherical droplets through a membrane. We find that the multiple sources do not interact strongly, even when the droplets are closely spaced, so that the flux through the membrane appears nearly additive. 相似文献
2.
3.
Microencapsulation of DNA Within alginate microspheres and crosslinked chitosan membranes for in vivo application 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
T. Alexakis D. K. Boadi D. Quong A. Groboillot I. O’Neill D. Poncelet R. J. Neufeld 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1995,50(1):93-106
Calf thymus DNA was microencapsulated within crosslinked chitosan membranes, or immobilized within chitosan-coated alginate
microspheres. Microcapsules were prepared by interfacial polymerization of chitosan, and alginate microspheres formed by emulsification/
internal gelation. Diameters ranged from 20 to 500 Μm, depending on the formulation conditions. Encapsulated DNA was quantifiedin situ by direct spectrophotometry (260 nm) and ethidium bromide fluorimetry, and compared to DNA measurements on the fractions
following disruption and dissolution of the microspheres. Approximately 84% of the DNA was released upon core dissolution
and membrane disruption, with 12% membrane bound. The yield of encapsulation was 96%. Leakage of DNA from intact microspheres/capsules
was not observed. DNA microcapsules and microspheres were recovered intact from rat feces following gavage and gastrointestinal
transit. Higher recoveries (60%) and reduced shrinkage during transit were obtained with the alginate microspheres. DNA was
recovered and purified from the microcapsules and microspheres by chromatography and differential precipitation with ethanol.
This is the first report of microcapsules or microspheres containing biologically active material (DNA) being passed through
the gastrointestinal tract, with the potential for substantial recovery. 相似文献
4.
5.
We study the elastic responses of double-(ds) and single-stranded (ss) DNA at external force fields. A double-strand-polymer
elastic model is constructed and solved by path integral methods and Monte Carlo simulations to understand the entropic elasticity,
cooperative extensibility, and supercoiling property of dsDNA. The good agreement with experiments indicates that short-ranged
base-pair stacking interaction is crucial for the stability and the high deformability of dsDNA. Hairpin-coil transition in
ssDNA is studied with generating function method. A threshold force is needed to pull the ssDNA hairpin patterns, stabilized
by base pairing and base-pair stacking, into random coils. This phase transition is predicted to be of first order for stacking
potential higher than some critical level, in accordance with experimental observations. 相似文献
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7.
Blundell Tom L. Bolanos-Garcia Victor Chirgadze Dimitri Y. Harmer Nicholas J. Lo Thomas Pellegrini Luca Sibanda B. Lynn 《Structural chemistry》2002,13(3-4):405-412
Signaling in living systems needs to achieve high specificity, to be reversible, and to achieve high signal to noise. Signaling mediated by multiprotein systems has evolved that avoids the requirement for high-affinity binary complexes that would be difficult to reverse and which, in the overcrowded cell, would lead to excessive noise in the system. Symmetrical structures are only occasionally formed. When they are, it is principally to colocate components, for example, the tyrosyl kinases of growth factors, where dimers form. Symmetry is, however, often broken, presumably to create more sensitivity and specificity in the signaling system by assembling other components, into higher-order multiprotein systems. The binding of a single heparin to two 1:1 FGF:FGFR complexes is an example, as is the binding of a single ligase to the Xrcc4 dimer, perhaps so creating a further DNA-binding site. 相似文献
8.
Michael Smith 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1994,33(12):1214-1221
Most of the significant work has been summarized in a number of reviews and articles. In these there was, of necessity, a good deal of simplification and omission of detail…. With the passage of time, even I find myself accepting such simplified accounts. F Sanger[1] 相似文献
9.
Elastic rod models provide a means to interpret single molecule DNA experiments as well as predict DNA behavior under physiological conditions. Here we use an elastic rod model to predict the stability boundary (critical torque vs. applied tension) for single molecule DNA experiments in which the molecule is subjected to applied tension and twist. We discuss the shortcomings of the usual isotropic rod model. We then derive a consistent non-linear material law from the general representation for a hemitropic (chiral) rod. Finally, we present results of a standard bifurcation analysis predicting the stability boundary. We find results from the non-linear hemitropic rod to match the data closely. 相似文献
10.
In proportion to the environmental pollution problems caused by organotin compounds, the genotoxicities of tin compounds in the environments have become of interest so as to estimate their safety in recent years. In this work, isolated λ-DNA (double-strand DNA) was incubated with inorganic tin(II) and tin(IV) and five organotin compounds [n-butyltin trichloride, di(n-butyltin) dichloride, methyltin trichloride, dimethyltin dichloride and trimethyltin chloride] in reaction systems both with and without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. The tin compounds tested in this study did not induce DNA breakage in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) and tetravalent inorganic tin (SnCl4) caused DNA breakage in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10 mM), and the DNA damage activity of inorganic tin was much more potent in divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) than in tetravalent inorganic tin (SnCl4). Divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) induced DNA breakage in a concentration-dependent fashion at concentrations greater than 0.1 mM of SnCl2 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10 mM). DNA breakage was not caused by n-butyltin compounds and methyltin compounds either in the presence or in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. 相似文献