Comparative absorption kinetics of seven active ingredients of Eucommia ulmoides extracts by intestinal in situ circulatory perfusion in normal and spontaneous hypertensive rats

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (E. ulmoides) is a valuable and nourishing medicinal herb in China that has been used in the treatment of hypertension. Given the fact that most traditional Chinese medicine is mainly used to treat disease, investigating the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines in the pathological state is more useful than that in the normal state. However, the differences in the absorption kinetics of active ingredients of E. ulmoides extract between pathological and physiological conditions have not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the rat intestinal in situ circulatory perfusion model was used to investigate the differences in absorption kinetics of seven active ingredients of E. ulmoides extract in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats, namely, genipinic acid, protocatechuic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, (+)-pinoresinol di-O-β-D -glucopyranoside and (+)-pinoresinol 4′-O-β-D -glucopyranoside. Our results indicate that the pathological state of spontaneous hypertension may change the absorption of active components of E. ulmoides extracts, and these findings may provide a reference for improving the rational use of E. ulmoides in the clinic.     

Some remarks to multivariate regression model

Some remarks to problems of point and interval estimation, testing and problems of outliers are presented in the case of multivariate regression model. This work was supported by the Council of Czech Government J14/98:153100011.     

Thermal analysis of glasses for proecological applications

Thermal behaviour and biochemical activity of potassium-silicate-phosphate glasses modified by addition of Ca, Mg, acting as ecological fertilisers of controlled release rate of the nutrients for plants were studied. It has been found that the biochemical activity of silicate-phosphate glasses depends on the nature and the number of components forming the glassy framework and is related to the thermal stability of glass demonstrated by the formation of new compounds during the process of crystallisation. It is proved that these seemingly different properties are determined by the same parameters which are the strengths bonds of glass network-formers and modifiers as well as their chemical affinity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

空间非相干多分量光束构成的非相干耦合屏蔽孤子对

两束本身具有空间非相干性的非相干多分量光束可以在光折变介质中形成非相干耦合 屏蔽孤子对，利用相干密度法得到了亮 亮、暗 暗型耦合孤子对的解，并研究了构成 非相干孤子对分量光束的相干组分的传播特性. 关键词： 空间非相干多分量光束 耦合孤子对 相干密度 相干组分     

湖南省各市州经济发展水平评价

本文利用主成分分析法分析了湖南各市州的经济发展水平和经济综合实力,对湖南省14个市州的经济发展情况做出综合评价,得出了各市州在湖南省的经济地位.最后用系统聚类分析法进行了验证,结果表明用多元统计分析法来评价地区经济发展水平是可行的.     

Front roughening in three-dimensional imbibition

We investigate the structure and dynamics of the interface between two immiscible liquids in a three-dimensional disordered porous medium. We apply a phase-field model that includes explicitly disorder and discuss both spontaneous and forced imbibition. The structure of the interface is dominated by a length scale ξ_× which arises from liquid conservation. We further show that disorder in the capillary and permeability act on different length scales and give rise to different scalings and structures of the interface properties. We conclude with a range of applications.     

Modification to the Fringe Component of Diffraction Coefficient in TD-EEC Method

A modified formulation for fringe component of diffraction coefficient is implemented to TD-EEC method. An example of diffraction by perfectly conducting plate is used to illustrate our scheme. Comparing with the FDTD results we observe that the improved expression for fringe component is more accurate than that of Michaeli's formulation. This high frequency time domain technique is available for treating the bistatic scattering problems for millimeter waves.     

Covariance estimation under spatial dependence

Correlated multivariate processes have a dependence structure which must be taken into account when estimating the covariance matrix. The natural estimator of the covariance matrix is introduced and is shown that to be biased under the dependence structure. This bias is studied under two different asymptotic models, namely increasing the domain by increasing the number of observations, and increasing the number of observations in the fixed domain. Using the first asymptotic model, we quantify the convergence rate of the bias and of the covariance between the components of the estimated covariance matrix. The second asymptotic model serves to derive a fast and accurate bias correction. As shown, under mild hypotheses, the asymptotic normality of the estimated covariance matrix holds and can be used to test whether the bias is significant, for example, in the sense that the eigenvectors of the estimated and true covariance matrices are significantly different.     

Problems of an additional experiment

In some situations estimates of unknown parameters must be corrected by additional measurements. It is in principle no problem to calculate the corrected estimates, however, it is of more interest to find formulae for correction itself. The formulae enable us to design an additional experiment and to judge its usefulness. The aim of the paper is to find such formulae for several situations. Supported by the grant of the Council of Czech Government MSM 6 198 959 214.