Biologically active compounds through catalysis: efficient synthesis of N-(heteroarylcarbonyl)-N'-(arylalkyl)piperazines

A practical route for the synthesis of new biologically active 5-HT(2 A) receptor antagonists has been developed. In only three catalytic steps, this class of central nervous system (CNS) active compounds can be synthesized efficiently with high diversity. As the initial step, an anti-Markovnikov addition of amines to styrenes provides an easy route to N-(arylalkyl)piperazines, which constitute the core structure of the active molecules. Here, base-catalyzed hydroamination reactions of styrenes with benzylated piperazine proceeded in high yield even at room temperature. After catalytic debenzylation, the free amines were successfully carbonylated with different aromatic and heteroaromatic halides and carbon monoxide to yield the desired compounds in good to excellent yields. The two key reactions, base-catalyzed hydroamination of styrenes and palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of haloarenes/heterocycles, showed tolerance towards various functional groups, thereby demonstrating the potential to synthesize a wide variety of new derivatives of this promising class of pharmaceuticals.     

尿中MDMA和MDA的酰基衍生化-电子俘获检测气相色谱分析法

研究了致幻性安非它明类药物MDMA和MDA的三氟乙酰、二氯乙酰、一氯二氟乙酰、五氟丙酰、七氟丁酰、五氟苯甲酰和二硝基苯甲酰衍生化的反应条件,发现所研究的各种衍生化反应均可用少量酸酐或酰氯在环已烷中室温下几分钟内完成.在此基础上建立了尿中MDMA和MDA的用微量环已烷提取的、各种衍生化的、电子俘获检测的气相色谱分析方法.方法操作简便快速,多数方法的检出限低于10μg/L,检测MDMA最灵敏的方法是七氟丁酰衍生化方法,检出限为4.1μg/L,检测MDA最灵敏的方法是五氟苯甲酰衍生化方法,检出限为2.5μg/L.对其中几种灵敏度较高的方法进行了线性关系和回收率的考查.     

尿中MDMA和MDA的酰基衍生化-氮磷检测气相色谱分析法

研究了致幻性安非他明类药物3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基安非他明(MDMA)和3,4-亚甲二氧基安非他明(MDA)的乙酰化、三氟乙酰化、五氟丙酰化、七氟丁酰化、二氯乙酰化、一氯二氟乙酰化、五氟苯甲酰化、五氟苯磺酰化和二硝基苯甲酰化的衍生化反应条件,发现除了乙酰化之外所研究的各种衍生化反应均可用5μL酸酐或酰氯在环己烷中于20℃10 m in内完成。乙酰化可用20μL乙酸酐在60℃30 m in内完成。在此基础上建立了尿中MDMA和MDA的各种衍生化的氮磷检测气相色谱(GC/NPD)分析方法。方法操作简便快速,绝大多数方法的检出限低于10μg/L,其中二氯乙酰化、一氯二氟乙酰化、五氟苯甲酰化、五氟苯磺酰化和二硝基苯甲酰化的GC/NPD分析方法未见文献报道。对一些灵敏的方法进行了线性关系和回收率的考察,结果满意。     

Optimization of CE-ESI-MS Parameters for the Analysis of Ecstasy and Derivatives in Urine

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was interfaced with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, using pneumatically-assisted electrospray ionization (ESI) in order to analyze Ecstasy and derivatives in urine. The influence of the sheath liquid composition, including the type and the percentage of the organic solvent, as well as the nature of the conductive acid modifier, were examined in order to find optimal coupling conditions. A fractional factorial design was also used to optimize the electrospray experimental parameters, such as the nebulizing gas pressure, the electrospray voltage, the drying gas flow rate, the drying gas temperature, the skimmer voltage, and the sheath liquid flow rate. The separation conditions were optimized in terms of temperature, electrolyte concentration, percentage of organic modifier, as well as capillary type. Finally, the optimal CE-ESI-MS conditions were applied to the analysis of Ecstasy and other related amphetamines in urine samples, following a liquid-liquid extraction procedure.     

Simultaneous determination of ten amphetamine designer drugs in human whole blood by capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection

In recent years, a number of new designer drugs have entered the illicit drug market. The methylenedioxyderivatives of amphetamine represent the largest group of designer drugs. This paper describes a method for screening for and simultaneously quantifying 10 2,5-methylenedioxy-derivatives of amphetamine and phenethylamine in human whole blood, using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with diode array detection (DAD). Using an aqueous pH 2.5 phosphate buffer, CE analysis gave peaks with good symmetry and reproducible migration times. Under these experimental conditions, the 10 amphetamines were resolved in 15 min and without interference from biological matrices (blood). Their identification by migration time was confirmed by their UV spectra recorded with a DAD (190-350 nm). The main advantages of the present method lie in its simplicity, clean and reliable extraction from human whole blood and simultaneous detection and quantification by CE-DAD. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analysis of in vivo rat blood samples. The method was validated according to international guidelines.     

Analysis of amphetamines and fentanyls by atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and its application to forensic analysis of drug seizures

The suitability of atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry (AP-DIOS-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (AP-MALDI-MS) for the identification of amphetamines and fentanyls in forensic samples was studied. With both ionization techniques, the mass spectra recorded showed abundant protonated molecules, and the background did not disturb the analysis. The use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed unambiguous identification of the amphetamines and fentanyls. AP-DIOS-MS/MS and AP-MALDI-MS/MS were also successfully applied to the identification of authentic compounds from drug seizures. Common diluents and tablet materials did not disturb the analysis and compounds were unequivocally identified. The limits of detection (LODs) for amphetamines and fentanyls with AP-DIOS-MS/MS were 1-3 pmol, indicating excellent sensitivity of the method. The LODs with AP-MALDI-MS/MS were about 5-10 times higher.     

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

The analysis of controlled drugs in forensic matrices, i.e., urine, blood, plasma, saliva, and hair, is one of the current hot topics in the clinical and toxicological context. The use of microextraction-based approaches has gained considerable notoriety, mainly due to the great simplicity, cost-benefit, and environmental sustainability. For this reason, the application of these innovative techniques has become more relevant than ever in programs for monitoring priority substances such as the main illicit drugs, e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and related compounds. The present contribution aims to make a comprehensive review on the state-of-the art advantages and future trends on the application of microextraction-based techniques for screening-controlled drugs in the forensic context.     

苯丙胺类、氯胺酮、卡西酮类毒品手性分离的研究进展

对映异构体在自然界中普遍存在,在药物化学领域尤为突出.虽然手性药物的对映异构体之间具有相同的化学结构,但它们在药理、毒理、药代动力学、代谢等生物活性方面存在明显差异.苯丙胺类、氯胺酮、卡西酮类毒品也是如此,这3类毒品的手性分离研究在常见毒品中具有代表性.目前常用的手性分离色谱方法有气相色谱法(GC)、高效液相色谱法(H...