钒电池用季铵化杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮酮阴离子交换膜

以氯甲基辛醚为氯甲基化试剂, 对杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮酮(PPEKK)进行改性, 制备了氯甲基化杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮酮(CMPPEKK). 考察了氯甲基辛醚用量对氯甲基化程度的影响. ¹H NMR表明氯甲基成功引入到聚合物结构中. 采用溶液法制备了CMPPEKK基膜, 然后将其进行三甲胺胺化, 制备了季铵化杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮酮(QAPPEKK)阴离子交换膜. 表征了QAPPEKK的基本性能: 离子交换容量, 含水率, 面电阻. QAPPEKK膜的含水率随离子交换容量增加而升高, 面电阻随离子交换容量的增加而降低. 将QAPPEKK膜应用于全钒液流电池(VRB)中, 电池的能量效率达到85.0%, 电流效率为98.5%, 电压效率为86.3%.     

全钒液相储能体系的功率特性研究

研究了全钒功率型液相储能体系惰性电极厚度、活性物质浓度、电解液流量等因素对放电电压和功率密度的影响,以及该液相储能体系的结构和功率特性.在本实验的优化条件下,输出功率密度可达3121W/L.     

A Comparative Study of Functionalized High‐Purity Carbon Nanotubes towards the V(IV)/V(V) Redox Reaction Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Functionalized high purity carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with various amounts of oxygen containing surface groups were investigated towards the relevant redox reactions of the all‐vanadium redox flow battery. The quinone/hydroquinone redox peaks between 0.0 and 0.7 V vs. Ag|AgCl|KCl_sat. were used to quantifying the degree of functionalization and correlated to XPS results. Cyclic voltammetry in vanadyl sulfate‐containing 3 M H₂SO₄ as a common supporting electrolyte showed no influence of the amount of surface groups on the V(IV)/V(V) redox system. In contrast, the reactions occurring at the negative electrode (V(II)/V(III) and V(III)/V(IV)) are strongly affected by oxygen surface groups. However, under modified experimental conditions, SECM experiments detecting the consumption of VO²⁺ molecules by CNT thin films in pH=2 solution show improved onset potentials with increased surface oxygen content up to ∼ 3 at%. Further increase in surface oxygen up to 8 at% led to minor improvement. These dissimilar results under different experimental conditions are rationalized by suggesting that oxygen functional groups do not form the active site for the V(IV)/V(V) reaction but wetting of the catalyst layer is of high importance.     

全钒液流单电池充放电行为及特性研究

建立具有外置双饱和甘汞参比电极及双液流电池的实验装置系统.使用该装置可在同一时刻同时测定小型液流单电池充放电时的电池电压、电池正负极电位及正负极开路电位,进而计算充放电过程电池的欧姆内阻降(iR)及其正负极过电位.以石墨毡为电极、Nafion 117作隔膜的全钒液流单电池,在60 mA.cm-2电流密度下,每一充放电循环的平均iR降约占总电压损耗的74%,表明该电池的电压效率受制于电池的欧姆内阻.充放电曲线显示,电池放电终点之所以出现主要是由于电池负极电位在放电末期的快速上升而引起的.本文设计的全钒单电池于60 mA.cm-2下工作时,其电压及能量效率分别达89%和85%,表明该电池结构合理,且石墨毡是钒电池合适的电极材料.     

全钒氧化还原液流电池碳素类电极的活化

近年来,全钒氧化还原液流电池(VRFB)作为一种新型的储能电池备受关注,作为VRFB的核心材料,电极的活化一直都是研究的热点。碳素类材料,如碳毡和石墨毡,以其低成本和高性能被广泛用作钒电池电极。通过活化处理增加碳素类电极表面的含氧、含氮官能团或引入各种催化剂可以显著提高V(Ⅴ)/V(Ⅳ)和V(Ⅲ)/V(Ⅱ)电对氧化还原反应的电化学活性和可逆性,进而提高VRFB的总体性能,最终促进VRFB的商业化进程。本文综述了VRFB碳素类电极的氧化活化法、掺杂活化法和碳纳米催化剂活化法等几种常用活化方法的研究进展,并对VRFB碳素类电极的进一步研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

液流储能电池技术研究进展

液流储能电池技术是一种高效、大规模电化学储能技术,在风能、太阳能等可再生能源发电、智能电网建设等方面有着广阔的应用前景。本文重点对全钒、多硫化钠-溴和锌-溴液流储能电池的工作原理、特点、国内外研究现状及发展趋势进行了综述,并对其他探索性液流储能电池体系进行了介绍。提出了制约液流储能电池技术发展瓶颈问题,展望了液流储能电池未来发展趋势。