One-pot assembling of selenazolines from elemental selenium,alkenes and acetonitrile

A new method for assembling 1,3-selenazolines by the iodine- mediated reaction of the simplest building blocks such as elemental selenium, alkenes and acetonitrile has been discovered. A proposed mechanism includes the addition of the intermediate selenium iodides to alkene with subsequent solvent interception by the formed seleniranium ion.     

Preparation of 3-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoic acids—Perkin condensation of activated aromatic ketones

The Perkin reaction of the activated aromatic ketones (2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone and its 4′-phenyl-derivative) with various condensing agents (acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, phenylacetic acid/acetic anhydride) gives the title compounds in good or moderate yields, and high E-stereoselectivity. For some derivatives an appreciable amount of the Z isomer was also formed. Several of the resulting butenoic acids and their methyl esters are synthesised and characterised for the first time.     

A primer on perfect simulation for spatial point processes

This primer provides a self-contained exposition of the case where spatial birth-and-death processes are used for perfect simulation of locally stable point processes. Particularly, a simple dominating coupling from the past (CFTP) algorithm and the CFTP algorithms introduced in [13], [14], and [5] are studied. Some empirical results for the algorithms are discussed. Received: 30 June 2002     

Finding the response matrix to the external action from a subspace for a discrete linear stochastic dynamical system

For a discrete linear stochastic dynamical system, computation of the response matrix to the external action from a subspace using given observational data is examined. An algorithm is proposed and substantiated that makes it possible to improve the numerical accuracy and to reduce the amount of observational data compared to the general case where an arbitrary external action is allowed. As an illustration, a discrete system arising in the analysis of a linear stochastic dynamical continuous-time system is considered more thoroughly. Some numerical results are presented.     

运用量子约束动力学对具有耗散的量子位的追踪控制

在有限温度环境内，量子约束动力学及其追踪控制可使退相干系统的相干性稳定一段时间.约束方程产生的控制场能够按量子比特的动力学状态进行控制(量子动力学轨道的反馈控制)；依靠量子比特的这种反馈效应，可使量子位稳定在设定的时间内.同时，在量子位的稳定方面，温度扮演一种消极的角色. 关键词： 量子约束动力学 耗散量子位的控制 追踪控制 量子比特的反馈效应     

A convenient semicarbazide resin for the solid-phase synthesis of peptide ketones and aldehydes

Use of a semicarbazide resin for the solid-phase preparation of peptide ketones and aldehyde led to optimal results in terms of both purity of the final product and overall yield. This resin was prepared without complication by activation of the commercial available aminomethyl polystyrene with CDI at room temperature, followed by treatment with tert-butyl carbazate. Furthermore, the TNBSA colorimetric assay has been adapted for checking the incorporation of the carbonyl moiety onto hydrazine-based resins.     

Conjugate addition of pyrroles to α,β-unsaturated ketones using copper bromide as a catalyst

Copper bromide was used as a catalyst for the addition of pyrroles to enones. When both the reactants were used in equimolar amounts, mono and dialkylated products were obtained. However, the use of excess enone furnished only dialkylated products. Thus, copper bromide was shown to be an efficient catalyst for the dialkylation of pyrroles.     

Selective Propargylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines with Barium Reagents

A Barbier‐type regioselective propargylation of aldehydes and ketones with (3‐bromobut‐1‐ynyl)trimethylsilane has been achieved using reactive barium as a low‐valent metal in THF. Especially in the case of ketones, the corresponding homopropargylic alcohols form almost exclusively. In the reaction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds, only 1,2‐adducts have been observed. This method is also applicable to propargylation of imines, and the corresponding homopropargylic amines are obtained regiospecifically in good yields with diastereomeric ratios of up to 87:13.     

Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing naphthalene moieties obtained by direct copolymerization as novel polymers for proton exchange membranes

A series of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone)s (SPAEKs) were prepared by aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of 2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene with 5,5′‐carbonyl‐bis(2‐fluorobenzenesulfonate) and 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone. The structure and degree of sulfonation (DS) of the SPAEKs were characterized using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The experimentally observed DS values were close to the expected values derived from the starting material ratios. The thermal stabilities of the SPAEKs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that in acid and sodium salt forms they were thermally stable in air up to about 240 and 380 °C, respectively. Transparent membranes cast from the directly polymerized SPAEKs exhibited good mechanical properties in both dry and hydrated states. The dependence of water uptake and of membrane swelling on the DS at different temperatures was studied. SPAEK membranes with a DS from 0.72 to 1.60 maintained adequate mechanical properties after immersion in water at 80 °C for 24 h. The proton conductivity of SPAEK membranes with different degrees of sulfonation was measured as a function of temperature. The proton conductivity of the SPAEK films increased with increased DS, and the highest room temperature conductivity (4.2 × 10^?2 S/cm) was recorded for a SPAEK membrane with a DS of 1.60, which further increased to 1.1 × 10^?1 S/cm at 80 °C. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2866–2876, 2004     

Microwave-accelerated conjugate addition of aldehydes to α,β-unsaturated ketones

Aldehydes undergo smooth conjugate addition to α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-thiazolium halides and DBU adsorbed onto the surface of basic alumina under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions to afford 1,4-diketones in enhanced yields and reduced reaction times compared to conventional methods.