均分散针状α－Fe_2O_3的制备

均分散针状α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３的制备魏雨，郑学忠，刘晓林，邵素霞，鹿平（河北师范大学化学系石家庄０５００１６）（河北师范大学分析测试中心石家庄）关键词α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３，Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）_３，针形粒子均分散α－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３的合成方法有沉化法［１］、强迫水解法［?..     

针状纳米NixZn1－xFe2O4的制备及磁性能

以FeCl₂, Zn(NO₃)₂, Ni(NO₃)₂为原料, 利用化学沉淀法制得了针状纳米α-FeOOH, 并借助针状α-FeOOH做为中间体, 采用柠檬酸法在针状纳米α-FeOOH表面包裹镍和锌的柠檬酸络合物后, 于不同温度煅烧后制得了针状纳米Ni_xZn_1－xFe₂O₄. 利用红外光谱仪(IR)、X射线衍射技术(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的物相﹑晶格常数、形貌和粒径进行表征, 并利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品进行磁性能研究. 结果表明: 利用化学沉淀-柠檬酸法制得的Ni-Zn铁氧体样品保持了中间体α-FeOOH的针状形貌, 所得样品的直径在40 nm左右, 长度约600 nm, 长径比大于15. 随着煅烧温度的升高样品直径有所增加, 长径比下降, 随着x值的增加, Ni_xZn_1－xFe₂O₄样品的晶格常数a从0.8442 (x＝0)逐步减少到0.8353 (x＝1.00), 矫顽力(Hc)从63.5 Oe (x＝0)逐步增加到358.7 Oe (x＝1), 饱和磁化强度(M_s)先增加后减小, 当x＝0.6时达到最大为58.9 emu/g. 与相似条件时制备的不定型Ni_xZn_1－xFe₂O₄相比, 由于针状Ni_xZn_1－xFe₂O₄的各向异性增大, 而表现出明显的硬磁性.     

Effects of N and B on continuous cooling transformation diagrams of Mo–V–Ti micro-alloyed steels

Effects of the single addition of nitrogen (N) and boron (B) and the combined addition of N and B on continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams and properties of the three Mo–V–Ti micro-alloyed steels were investigated by means of a combined method of dilatometry and metallography. Microstructures observed in continuous cooled specimens were composed of pearlite (P), quasi-polygonal ferrite (QPF), granular bainite (GB), acicular ferrite (AF), lath-like bainite (LB) and martensite (M) depending on the cooling rates and transformation temperatures. Single addition of 12?ppm B effectively reduced the formation of QPF and broadened the cooling rate region for LB and M. Added N makes the action of B invalid and the QPF region was prominently broadened, and even though the cooling rate is higher than 50°C?s^?1, it cannot obtain full bainite.     

XRD,TEM and thermal analysis of Fe doped boehmite nanofibres and nanosheets

Iron doped boehmite nanofibres with varying iron content have been prepared at low temperatures using a hydrothermal treatment in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant. The resultant nanofibres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images showed the resulting nanostructures are predominantly nanofibres when Fe doping is no more than 5%; in contrast nanosheets were formed if Fe doping was above 5%. For the 10% Fe doped boehmite, a mixed morphology of nanofibres and nanosheets were obtained. Nanotubes instead of nanofibres were observed in samples with 20% added iron. The Fe doped boehmite and the subsequent nanofibres/nanotubes were analysed by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric methods. Boehmite nanofibres decompose at higher temperatures than non-hydrothermally treated boehmite and nano-sheets decompose at lower temperatures than the nanofibres.     

明胶溶液中针状纳米HgS的仿生合成

以明胶为模板剂,制备出在明胶水溶液中稳定存在的HgS微晶.通过扫描电镜(SEM)图像表明,生长时间为2d的样品为微晶结构,生长15d的HgS微晶为针状,平均直径约87nm,长度约1.3μm.紫外可见吸收和荧光光谱的测试结果表明,所合成HgS具有量子限域效应.明胶分子的构象变化对HgS纳米颗粒的成核和形貌转化起到非常重要的作用.     

基于微加工工艺的光纤消逝场传感器及其长度特性研究

用硅光刻工艺和二氧化硅湿法腐蚀工艺制作了针状封装结构的光纤消逝场传感器.该结构的传感器体积小、试剂消耗量少,减轻了测量过程中光纤的变形,密封的结构可以有效地防止传感器受到污染.从理论和实验角度研究了不同长度的光纤消逝场传感器的测量结果,分析了传感光纤长度对传感器吸光度的影响,指出随着传感器传感光纤长度的继续增加,会使后续增加的传感光纤对传感器灵敏度的贡献越来越小. 关键词： 硅光刻工艺 针状封装 光纤消逝场传感器 传感光纤长度     

Hard magnetic ferrites with high coercive field

The solid-state reaction between SrCO₃ and -FeOOH was investigated by means of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The high reactivity of this mixture is discussed in comparison with that of the mixture of SrCO₃ and -Fe₂O₃.     

Acicular Nickel on Carbon Nanofiber as Electrochemical Sensor Electrode for the Rapid Detection of Aqueous and Gaseous Formaldehyde at Room Temperature

The rapid and straightforward detection of formaldehyde (FA) in the environment is crucial for preventing the accidental inhalation of FA and limiting skin exposure to FA. In this study, we developed a simple nickel-based electrocatalytic electrode on carbon nanofibers (CNFs−Ni), which is suitable for rapidly detecting FA at room temperature. Centrifugal electrospinning was used to obtain polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, which was subsequently stabilized and carbonized to fabricate the CNFs. Carbonization of the CNFs occurred at various temperatures (T_c=1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500 °C). PAN CNFs served as a highly conductive template for electroless plating under a magnetic field of 500 G to grow acicular nickel. The amperometric responses of the CNFs−Ni to aqueous FA were then measured. A lab-built amperometric gas sensor (CNFs−Ni 1–8), which comprised CNFs with a reduced Ni loading, was used as the electrode for detecting gaseous FA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry were used to evaluate the sensitivities of the electrodes. Within the linear range of 0.05–91.5 mM, the CNFs1400-Ni electrode was highly sensitive for detecting aqueous FA (2592 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²), as evidenced by the fast response time (6 s). At a low concentration of gaseous FA (0.5 ppm), the laboratory-built FA gas sensor was stable (98.3 %) and had a fast response time (5 s) after 9 h of continuous operation.