Transverse fluctuation analysis of single extended DNA molecules

We observed fluctuations of elongated DNA molecules by fluorescence microscopy. The molecules are fixed at both ends and undulate. Mode analysis of the thermally excited undulations of the labeled DNA molecules gives access to the spectral density of the amplitude fluctuations. From these measurements we estimate the tension acting on the DNA molecules. We found the forces to be within the entropic elasticity range of a typical DNA molecule (measured on the single-molecule level). Received: 11 November 2002 / Accepted: 12 May 2002 / Published online: 4 June 2003 RID="a" ID="a"Present address: Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. e-mail: zoherg@rockefeller.edu     

Fluctuating semiflexible polymer ribbon constrained to a ring

Twist stiffness and an asymmetric bending stiffness of a polymer or a polymer bundle is captured by the elastic ribbon model. We investigate the effects a ring geometry induces to a thermally fluctuating ribbon, finding bend-bend coupling in addition to twist-bend coupling. Furthermore, due to the geometric constraint the polymer's effective bending stiffness increases. A new parameter for experimental investigations of polymer bundles is proposed: the mean square diameter of a ribbonlike ring, which is determined analytically in the semiflexible limit. Monte Carlo simulations are performed which affirm the model's prediction up to high flexibility.     

The large amplitude oscillatory strain response of aqueous foam: Strain localization and full stress Fourier spectrum

The stochastic motion of a two-dimensional vesicle in linear shear flow is studied at finite temperature. In the limit of small deformations from a circle, Langevin-type equations of motion are derived, which are highly nonlinear due to the constraint of constant perimeter length. These equations are solved in the low-temperature limit and using a mean-field approach, in which the length constraint is satisfied only on average. The constraint imposes non-trivial correlations between the lowest deformation modes at low temperature. We also simulate a vesicle in a hydrodynamic solvent by using the multi-particle collision dynamics technique, both in the quasi-circular regime and for larger deformations, and compare the stationary deformation correlation functions and the time autocorrelation functions with theoretical predictions. Good agreement between theory and simulations is obtained.     

A model of gravity-induced distribution of material in plasma polymerized aerosols and films

A mathematical model of the volumetric part of plasma polymerization influenced by gravity is presented. Plasma-activated adhesion of monomer molecules to a surface of a germinal particle is assumed as a basic mechanism of particulate growth. The continuity equation for the flow of matter through the discharge has been formulated and solved in two extreme asymptotic approximations --for small and major duration of the process. Several non-equilibrium distribution functions of the polymer were obtained, for instance, an amount of the particles as a function of their size or time of fall. Within the adopted model this function demonstrates a sharp downward increase inside a discharge. In addition it contains such parameters as the free fall acceleration or reaction rate coefficients, variations of which enable control of the discharge and properties of the disperse medium.     

Realization of Ultraviolet Electroluminescence from ZnO Homojunction Fabricated on Silicon Substrate with p-Type ZnO:N Layer Formed by Radical N2O Doping

ZnO homojunction light-emitting diodes are fabricated on Si（100） substrates by plasma assisted metal organic chemical vapour deposition. A p-type layer of nitrogen-doped ZnO film is formed using radical N2O as the acceptor precursor. The n-type ZnO layer is composed of un-doped ZnO film. The device exhibits desirable rectifying behaviour with a turn-on voltage of 3.3 V and a reverse breakdown voltage higher than 6 V. Distinct electrolumineseence emissions centred at 395nm and 490nm are detected from this device at forward current higher than 20mA at room temperature.     

铊玻璃自聚焦透镜边缘折射率分布的改进

本文用雅明干涉仪测定第一次离子交换后的径向折射率分布,边缘部分与理想分布有极大的偏差。在此基础上并进行了第二步高于交换,测定其边缘分布有进一步改进,同时,第二次成象比第一次有明显的改善。     

近红外高光谱图像结合CARS算法对鸭梨SSC含量定量测定

高光谱数据量大、 维数高且原始光谱噪声明显、 散射严重等特征导致光谱建模时关键波长变量提取困难。 基于此,提出采用竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)对近红外高光谱数据进行关键变量选择。 鸭梨作为研究对象。 采用决定系数r2、 预测均方根误差RMSEP和验证集标准偏差和预测集标准偏差的比值RPD值进行模型性能评估。 基于选择的关键变量建立PLS模型(CARS-PLS)与全光谱变量建立的PLS模型进行比较发现CARS-PLS模型仅仅使用原始变量中15.6%的信息获得了比全变量PLS模型更好的鸭梨SSC含量预测结果,r2_pre,RMSEP和RPD分别为0.908 2,0.312 0和3.300 5。 进一步与基于蒙特卡罗无信息变量MC-UVE和遗传算法(GA)获得的特征变量建立的PLS模型比较发现,CARS不仅可以去除原始光谱数据中的无信息变量,同时也能够对共线性的变量进行压缩去除,该方法能够有效地用于高光谱数据变量的选择。 结果表明,近红外高光谱技术结合CARS-PLS模型能够用于鸭梨可溶性固形物SSC含量的定量预测。 从而为基于近红外高光谱技术预测水果内部品质的研究提供了参考。     

Characteristic time scales of tick quotes on foreign currency markets: an empirical study and agent-based model

Power spectrum densities for the number of tick quotes per minute (market activity) on three currency markets (USD/JPY, EUR/USD, and JPY/EUR) for periods from January 1999 to December 2000 are analyzed. We find some peaks on the power spectrum densities at a few minutes. We develop the double-threshold agent model and confirm that stochastic resonance occurs for the market activity of this model. We propose a hypothesis that the periodicities found on the power spectrum densities can be observed due to stochastic resonance.     

Estimation of Charge Exchange Recombination Emission Based on Diagnostic Neutral Beam on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak

Diagnostic neutral beam （DNB） attenuation and charge exchange recombination emission are estimated on EAST tokamak. Approximately 40% of the beam with the energy of 50 keV can reach the plasma centre （r = 0） for the typical parameters of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak （EAST） plasma. Emissivities of CVI （n = 8 → 7, 529.0nm） and OVⅢ （n = 10 →9, 607.Ohm） visible charge exchange recombination emissions based on the DNB are estimated. The emissivities of the visible bremsstrahlung emission near this wavelength are also calculated for comparison. The results show that the charge exchange recombination emission is about two orders of magnitude greater than the bremsstrahlung emission. It is theoretically indicated that the ratio of signal of charge exchange recombination spectroscopy to the noise from background bremsstrahlung emission, S/N, is large enough in the EAST tokamak with the typical designed parameters. The present results are helpful for experiment design of charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy based on the DNB in the EAST tokamak.     

Fluorescence spectra of Rhodamine 6G for high fluence excitation laser radiation

Fluorescence spectral changes of Rhodamine 6G in ethanol and glycerol solutions and deposited as a film on a silica surface have been studied using a wide range of pumping field fluence at 532 nm at room temperature. Blue shift of the fluorescence spectra and fluorescence quenching of the dye molecule in solution are observed at high excitation fluence values. Such effects are not reported for the film sample. The effects are interpreted as the result of population redistribution in the solute-solvent molecular system induced by the high fluence field and the fluence dependence of the radiationless decay mechanism.