Fluorescence quenching of anthropogenic fulvic acids by Cu(II), Fe(III) and UO(2)(2+)

The quenching of the fluorescence of three anthropogenic fulvic acids (FA) provoked by Cu(II) (pH 6.0), Fe(III) (pH 4.0) and UO₂²⁺ (pH 3.5), was analyzed by a non-linear method and by Stern-Volmer plots. The FA samples were extracted from composted sewage sludges (csFA), composted municipal wastes (mwFA) and composted livestock wastes (lsFA). Synchronous-scan fluorescence (SyF) spectra were collected as a function of metal ion concentration. Spectral data were treated by a self-modeling mixture analysis method (SIMPLISMA) to detect the SyF spectral band with the strongest quenching and to calculate the corresponding quenching profile. The analysis of these profiles by a non-linear method allowed the estimation of conditional stability constants (K) and of the percentage of non-complexing fluorophores. The same quantitative information was obtained by the modified Stern-Volmer equation taking into account the existence of fluorophores that do not participate in the complexation. Good agreement was found between the results of the two procedures. The log K calculated by the non-linear method were (standard deviation in parenthesis): csFA, Cu(II), 4.22 (5); Fe(III), 5.0 (1); UO₂²⁺, 5.2 (2); mwFA, Cu(II), 4.21 (3); Fe(III), 5.6 (2); UO₂²⁺, 4.7 (3); lsFA, Cu(II), 4.51 (8); Fe(III), 5.5 (2); UO₂²⁺, 3.6 (2).     

Radiation synthesis of n-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone/acrylonitrile interpenetrating polymer networks and their use in uranium recovery from aqueous systems

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) based on Poly n-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone (PVP) and Acrylonitrile (AN) were prepared by irradiating PVP solutions prepared in AN. PVP/AN mixtures were irradiated by ⁶⁰Co-γ rays at room temperature at a dose rate of 0.5 kGy/hour. IPNs were characterized by using FT-IR and Thermal Analysis techniques. The chelating adsorbents containing amidoxime groups were prepared by the reaction of these IPNs with hydroxylamine in aqueous NaOH solution at 50°C. These amidoxime containing adsorbents were used in adsorption studies for the recovery of uranium from aqueous systems. The adsorption capacity of an IPN with equivolume fraction of PVP and amidoximated PAN was found to be 750mg UO₂²⁺/g dry amidoximated IPN.     

Complexing tendencies of UO 22+ and Th4+ in their mixed ligand complexes with aminopolycarboxylates and resorcinol or its derivatives

Formation contants (log K _MAL ^MA ) of mixed ligand complexes MAL, where M = UO ₂ ²⁺ or Th⁴⁺, A = IMDA, NTA, HEDTA, EDTA, CDTA or DTPA, and L = resorcinol (res), 2-methyl resorcinol (2-Me-res), 5-methyl resorcinol (5-Me-res) or 4-chloro resorcinol (4-Cl-res), have been determined pH-metrically by the Irving-Rossotti approach at 25°C and at an ionic strength,I = 0.2(moldm⁻³KNO₃). The observed stability sequences are IMDA > NTA > HEDTA > EDTA > CDTA > DTPA, and 4-Cl-res > 5-Me-res > 2-Me-res > res with respect to primary and secondary ligands, respectively. Th⁴⁺ forms more stable mixed complexes than UO ₂ ²⁺ . The A ΔlogK values are negative due mainly to the charge repulsion involved in the complexation MA + L⇋MAL.     

胶原-单宁树脂的制备及其对水溶液中UO2+2的吸附特性研究

以天然牛皮为原料,经胃蛋白酶处理制得水解胶原;通过胶原-黑荆树单宁-醛反应制备了胶原-单宁树脂(C-TR)吸附材料,并表征了材料的形貌,测定了材料的比表面积、热变形温度等性质。系统研究了C-TR对水溶液中UO22 的吸附特性。结果表明,C-TR对UO22 有较强的吸附能力。当温度为303K、pH=5.0、UO22 的初始浓度2.5mmol.L-1时,吸附容量达到1.49mmolU/g。升高温度,平衡吸附量增大。pH对吸附容量的影响较大,适宜的pH范围为5.0-6.0。C-TR对UO22 的吸附平衡符合Freundlich方程。吸附动力学可用拟二级速度方程来描述。C-TR对UO22 的吸附基本不受NaCl影响,该吸附材料可望用于海水中铀的富集和分离。     

On a principle of virtual work for thermo-elastic bodies

A principle of virtual work is proposed for thermo-elastic bodies. From it are derived the equations of motion, the Cauchy stress principle and the Gibbs relations. The principle is also used to analyse the response of internally constrained bodies.     

UO2 晶体中低密勒指数晶面表面能的分子动力学模拟

采用基于刚性离子势的分子动力学模拟方法初步计算了UO₂晶体中(100), (110)和(111) 3种低密勒指数晶面在300–1500 K范围内的表面能大小. 结果表明, 3种晶面的表面能大小随温度的升高而降低, 与实验结果趋势一致; 原子排列最紧密的(111)晶面具有最低的表面能, 3种晶面的表面能大小从高到低依次为(100), (110)和(111)晶面; 达到平衡状态下的表面层原子相对于体内原子层在表面的法线方向上发生了明显的压缩并且表面层原子的对称性也降低了, 表面原子的弛豫效应一直影响到了第5层. 计算研究结果将有助于深入认识UO₂燃料中裂变气体气泡的聚集长大以及燃料的辐照肿胀开裂行为. 关键词： 分子动力学 2')" href="#">UO₂ 低密勒指数晶面 表面能     

第一性原理研究Zr的掺杂对Xe在UO_2中溶解能力的影响

Zr既是反应堆中核燃料组件的包壳材料,也是核燃料UO_2的一种裂变产物,不可避免地会掺杂到UO_2中,对其性质等产生一定的影响.本文通过第一性原理密度泛函理论计算,研究了Zr掺杂所引起的Xe在UO_2中溶解能力的变化.首先应用引入Hubbard U修正的广义梯度近似密度泛函计算了U,O间隙和空位缺陷的形成能,结果与文献值符合,验证了计算方法的可靠性.在此基础上对Zr掺杂后空位缺陷的形成能及Xe吸附到空位缺陷所需的结合能的变化情况进行了研究.结果表明,Zr的掺杂会增加空位缺陷的形成能,减小大部分Xe吸附的结合能,且空位缺陷形成能的变化量普遍更大,从而在整体上增加了Xe在UO_2中的溶解能.说明在UO_2中,Zr掺杂主要是通过增加缺陷的形成难度而减弱了Xe在其中的溶解能力.     

The work function of hydrothermally synthesized UO2 and the implications for semiconductor device fabrication

The photoelectric work function of nearly stoichiometric (111) and (100) hydrothermally grown UO₂ was measured to be 6.28 ± 0.36 eV and 5.80 ± 0.36 eV, respectively. Candidate metals for electrical contacts are identified for both rectifying and non‐rectifying contacts based on work function, lattice compatibility, and electrical conductivity.     

D001树脂分离ICP-OES法测定UO3中硫元素

建立了分离测定UO3样品中硫元素的分析方法。采用D001 阳离子交换树脂对UO3样品中的阴、阳离子进行分离,用亚沸水平衡色谱柱并进行溶液淋洗,ICP-OES法测定样品中硫元素含量。实验条件下测定硫元素的检出限为0.24μg/mL,回收率在91.47%～98.49%之间,相对标准偏差分别为3.07%和3.15%。