ICP—AES法测定玩具材料中痕量砷,硒,锑

用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ０测定了玩具材料中的痕量砷，硒和锑。方法简便快速，回收率为９７．５％－１０２．７％，相对标准偏差小于３％。     

Motzkin numbers out of Random Domino Automaton

Motzkin numbers are derived from a special case of Random Domino Automaton – recently proposed a slowly driven system being a stochastic toy model of earthquakes. It is also a generalisation of 1D Drossel–Schwabl forest-fire model. A solution of the set of equations describing stationary state of Random Domino Automaton in inverse-power case is presented. A link with Motzkin numbers allows to present explicit form of asymptotic behaviour of the automaton.     

柱后衍生离子色谱法测定玩具中可迁移Cr(Ⅵ)

建立了离子色谱法测定玩具中可迁移Cr(Ⅵ)的新方法。玩具中的可迁移Cr(Ⅵ)经0.07mol/L的HCl提取后,经过AS7阴离子柱进行分离和富集,再与1,5-二苯卡巴肼(DPC)反应进行衍生,用紫外检测器在530nm处进行检测。该方法对玩具材料中Cr(Ⅵ)的检出限为0.005mg/kg;在0.1~50μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r2为0.9997;Cr(Ⅵ)的回收率范围为92.8%~102.4%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~5%。方法的灵敏度高,操作简便,基本能满足玩具新指令对玩具材料中可迁移Cr(Ⅵ)的检测要求。     

IMEP-24 analysis of eight trace elements in toys

The International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) organised the IMEP-24 interlaboratory comparison after reports in the media about high levels of lead in toys. The aim of this comparison was to verify the laboratories’ capacity to evaluate trace-element levels in a possible toy-like material according to the European Standard EN 71-3:1994. As test material, it used a former certified reference material containing levels of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and selenium around the limits set in the standard.Four expert laboratories confirmed the reference values (Xref) for all elements but Hg, and established a reference value for Hg. The scatter of the results reported by the participants was large, as expected, but showed a close to normal distribution around the reference values for five of the eight trace elements. The spread of results was mainly attributed to sampling and sample preparation.One major issue observed in this exercise was the lack of legislative rules about how to report the result, or, more specifically, the use of the analytical correction, which was introduced in EN 71-3:1994 to achieve consistent interpretation of results and which is to be applied when values are equal to or above the maximum limits set in the standard. Its application by the participants was very inconsistent and led to problems in their evaluation. There is clearly a need for clarification and for more formal regulations with regard to result reporting in order to minimise the risk of confusion.Participants were also asked to give their opinion with regard to the acceptability of the test material for the market. The majority correctly considered the material as non-compliant. However, almost one-third incorrectly assessed the material as compliant.     

IMEP-24 analysis of eight trace elements in toys

The International Measurement Evaluation Program (IMEP) organized the IMEP-24 interlaboratory comparison after reports in the media about high levels of lead in toys. The aim of this comparison was to verify the laboratories’ capacity to evaluate trace-element levels in a possible toy-like material according to the European Standard EN 71-3:1994. As test material, it used a former certified reference material containing levels of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead and selenium around the limits set in the standard.Four expert laboratories confirmed the reference values (Xref) for all elements but Hg, and established a reference value for Hg. The scatter of the results reported by the participants was large, as expected, but showed a close to normal distribution around the reference values for five of the eight trace elements. The spread of results was mainly attributed to sampling and sample preparation.One major issue observed in this exercise was the lack of legislative rules about how to report the result, or, more specifically, the use of the analytical correction, which was introduced in EN 71-3:1994 to achieve consistent interpretation of results and which is to be applied when values are equal to or above the maximum limits set in the standard. Its application by the participants was very inconsistent and led to problems in their evaluation. There is clearly a need for clarification and for more formal regulations with regard to result reporting in order to minimize the risk of confusion.Participants were also asked to give their opinion with regard to the acceptability of the test material for the market. The majority correctly considered the material as non-compliant. However, almost one-third incorrectly assessed the material as compliant.     

Preliminary studies of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry for the determination of Ba,Cd, Cr and Pb in toys

The performance of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) for the determination of Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb in toys has been evaluated by using a Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm and an Echelle spectrometer with intensified charge-coupled device detector. Samples were purchased in different cities of São Paulo State market and analyzed directly without sample preparation. Laser-induced breakdown spectrometry experimental conditions (number of pulses, delay time, integration time gate and pulse energy) were optimized by using a Doehlert design. Laser-induced breakdown spectrometry signals correlated reasonably well with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) concentrations after microwave-assisted acid digestion of selected samples. Thermal analysis was used for polymer identification and scanning electron microscopy to visualize differences in crater geometry of different polymers employed for toy fabrication. Results indicate that laser-induced breakdown spectrometry can be proposed as a rapid screening method for investigation of potentially toxic elements in toys. The unique application of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry for identification of contaminants in successive layers of ink and polymer is also demonstrated.     

MPEGD光源中的工作气体Ar的光谱特性的研究

本文介绍了一种改进型的微波等离子体增强辉光放电（ＭＰＥＧＤ）光源，对这种级联光源中的工作气体Ａｒ的光谱特性进行了较详细的考察，对单纯微波等离子体放电，单纯辉光放电以及微波等离子体增强辉光放电的Ａｒ谱线进行了研究，并讨论了微波功率等的影响，认为这种微波等离子体增强辉光放电光源在中低能级跃产生的谱线有明显的增强作用。     

玩具中有害重金属元素的ICP-AES分析

本文介绍了利用ICP－AES对玩具中有害重金属元素的分析研究。文中详述了实验方法，适用范围以及结果和讨论，并运用干扰系数法校正元素间光谱干扰，结果较为满意，这在玩具日常检测的光谱分析中具有重要的实际意义。     

基于解卷积报告软件数据库的GC/MS方法快速确证玩具中160多种有毒有害有机物质

自主建立了基于解卷积报告软件的含有160多种有毒有害有机物质的数据库,作为标准的GC/MS数据库来确证化合物,不用1 min解卷积报告软件即可帮助确证谱图中隐藏的上述有毒有害有机物质.该方法已经在众多玩具有机化学安全检测项目中得到了应用,不仅在某检测项目目标化合物如禁用偶氮物质等确证方面全面优于目前基于GC/MS化学工...