Equilibrium of the reaction between dissolved sodium sulfide and biologically produced sulfur

The equilibrium of the heterogeneous reaction between dissolved sodium sulfide and biologically produced sulfur particles has been studied. Biologically produced sulfur was obtained from a bioreactor of a hydrogen sulfide removal process in which the dominating organism is Thiobacillus sp. W5. Detailed knowledge of this reaction is essential to understand its effect on the process. The results were compared with the equilibrium of the reaction of sulfide with ‘inorganic’ elemental sulfur. The equilibrium between dissolved sodium sulfide and biologically produced sulfur particles can be described by an equilibrium constant, K_x, which consists of a weighted sum of constants for polysulfide ions of different chain length, rather than a true single equilibrium constant. For biologically produced sulfur pK_x = 9.10 ± 0.08 (21 °C) and 9.17 ± 0.09 (35 °C) with an average polysulfide chain length x = 4.91 ± 0.32 (21 °C) and 4.59 ± 0.31 (35 °C). The pK_x value for biologically produced sulfur is significantly higher than for reaction of dissolved sodium sulfide with inorganic sulfur (pK_x = 8.82; 21 °C). This difference is probably caused by the negatively charged polymeric organic layer, which is present on biologically produced sulfur but absent with “inorganic” sulfur. Specific binding of polysulfide ions to the organic layer results in a higher polysulfide concentration at the reaction site compared to the bulk concentration. This results in an apparent decrease of the measured equilibrium constant, K_x.     

黄钾铁矾的生物合成与鉴定

利用氧化亚铁硫杆菌的生物催化氧化作用,在FeSO4—K2SO4—H2O体系中和常温常压条件下合成赭黄色的黄钾铁矾。借助SEM,XRD,FTIR,ICP—AES等方法对它的化学组成和结构进行了分析与表征。结果表明,Thiobacillus ferrooxidans休止细胞可在2天内将FeSO4-K2SO4-H2O体系中的Fe^2 全部氧化为Fe^3 ,Fe^3 在高浓度硫酸根、K^ 存在和酸性条件下水解生成赭黄色高铁沉淀,经鉴定为黄钾铁矾,其晶体粒径均匀,分散性好,且没有无定形的羟基硫酸高铁副产物。     

GC-MS分析氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养液的挥发性成分

GC- MS联用技术对耐强辐射微生物氧化亚铁硫杆菌 [Thiobacillus ferroxidans(T.f) ]的挥发性代谢产物进行了研究 ,发现 4 3种代谢物 ,由标准谱图鉴定了其中 2 3种化合物。     

A preliminary cost analysis of the biotreatment of refinery spent-sulfidic caustic

Caustics are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen sulfide from various hydrocarbon streams. Spent-sulfidic caustics from three refineries have been successfully biotreated on the bench and pilot scale, resulting in neutralization and removal of active Sulfides. Sulfides were completely oxidized to sulfate byThiobacillus denitrificans strain F. Microbial oxidation of sulfide produced acid, which at least partially neutralized the caustic. A commercial-scale treatment system has been designed that features a bioreactor with a suspended culture of flocculatedT. denitrificans, a settler and acid and nutrient storage and delivery systems. A cost analysis has been performed for nine cases representing a range of spent caustic sulfide and hydroxide concentrations at a base treatment rate of 10 gpm. This analysis shows that refinery spent-sulfidic caustic can be biotreated for 4-8.3￠/gal.     

He-Ne激光、紫外线诱变氧化亚铁硫杆菌及耐砷菌株的选育

对适合氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacilus ferrooxidans)特点的诱变方法进行了研究:把菌体制成无铁细胞悬液进行小剂量、多次数的诱变.氧化亚铁硫杆菌菌株S₁经多次紫外线和激光照射,并结合逐级驯化处理,最终选育出了优良耐砷菌株S_x,它能在含11g/LA_s2O₃的环境中生长,比出发菌株的0.7g/L提高了近14.7倍.在用该菌株进行浸矿的实验结果表明:浸矿能力良好,在同样是10%接种量时,浸出时间比出发菌缩短了一天,并且砷元素的浸出率由原先的76%提高至85.7%.     

Reduction of nitric oxide to elemental nitrogen byThiobacillus Denitrificans

A need exists for new technology for the disposal of concentrated NO_x streams obtained from certain regenerable, dry scrubbing processes, such as the NOXSO process, and the removal and disposal of NO_x from more dilute gas streams produced by nitric acid plants. It has been demonstrated that the facultative anaerobe and autotroph, Thiobacillus denitrificans, may be cultured anaerobically in batch reactors using NO (g) as a terminal electron acceptor. Thiosulfate served as an energy source, CO₂ (g) as a carbon source, and ammonium ion as a source of reduced nitrogen. The growth of T.denitrificans was indicated by depletion of thiosulfate and ammonium ion and the accumulation of biomass. The feed gas consisted of 5000 ppmv NO, 5%, CO₂, and balance nitrogen. The NO concentration in the outlet gas was typically 200 ppmv.     

Microbial removal of sulfur dioxide from a gas stream with net oxidation to sulfate

A study has been conducted of the feasibility of utilizing the sulfate reducing bacteriumDesulfovibrio desulfuricans and the chemoautotrophThiobacillus denitrificans as a basis of a microbial process for the removal of sulfur dioxide from a gas with net oxidation to sulfate. In reactors-in-series, SO₂ was reduced to H₂S in the first stage by D.desulfuricans. The H₂S was then stripped with nitrogen and sent to a second stage where it was oxidized to sulfate by T.denitrificans. A sulfur balance demonstrated complete reduction of SO₂ to H₂S in the first stage and complete oxidation of H₂S to sulfate in the second stage.     

A Rapid Method for Determination of Growth of Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans by Series Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal

ABSTRACT

A rapid and simple method for monitoring the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is put forward by using a series piezoelectric quartz crystal (SPQC). The SPQC was applied to continuously determine the variation of frequency shift during the culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, with a conductive electrode as the probe. The frequency shift as a function of time agrees with a typical 'S - shape' model, a piezoelectric sensor responding well to the growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The fundamentals for determination of the bacterial growth activity using the SPQC is also described; the frequency shift is only dependent on the electrical conductivity of the solution and the dielectric constant.     

A3钢在氧化硫硫杆菌作用下的腐蚀行为

采用表面分析技术、失重法和电化学测试研究了A3钢在氧化硫硫杆菌(T.t)作用下的腐蚀行为. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明, 与无菌体系相比, 氧化硫硫杆菌会在A3钢表面形成致密的生物膜和腐蚀产物膜. 去除膜层后, 无菌体系中的试样出现点蚀, 氧化硫硫杆菌体系中试样呈现为均匀腐蚀. 浸泡三周后, 氧化硫硫杆菌体系中A3钢的腐蚀失重远小于无菌体系. 电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果显示, 在浸泡10 d后, 氧化硫硫杆菌中的电极表面只存在两个时间常数, 这表明氧化硫硫杆菌会在试样表面形成致密且附着力非常强的产物膜层, 有效地阻碍了腐蚀介质对基体的侵蚀. 极化曲线结果表明, 浸泡20 d后, 氧化硫硫杆菌的存在使得金属具有较小的自腐蚀电流密度.     

A3钢在氧化亚铁硫杆菌、链霉菌及其混合菌体系中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法和表面分析技术研究了A3钢在链霉菌(Stremptomyces)和氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus fer-rooxidans,T.f)单独及共同作用下的腐蚀行为.结果表明,试样在不同的含菌腐蚀体系中浸泡7d后,表面生成了不均匀的生物膜层,并表现出各不相同的形貌特征;A3钢在氧化亚铁硫杆菌和链霉菌单种菌作用下发生了局部腐蚀,而混合菌体系中的试样发生均匀腐蚀;混合菌体系中A3钢的腐蚀失重速率介于两种菌单独存在时的腐蚀失重速率之间;试样浸泡14d后的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试结果表明,A3钢电极在氧化亚铁硫杆菌-链霉菌混合菌体系中的阻抗值介于两种单菌腐蚀体系之间.以上研究结果表明,A3钢在链霉菌体系中腐蚀最重,混合菌体系其次,氧化亚铁硫杆菌体系中腐蚀最轻.