全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3523篇 |
免费 | 256篇 |
国内免费 | 879篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2415篇 |
晶体学 | 40篇 |
力学 | 191篇 |
综合类 | 46篇 |
数学 | 1493篇 |
物理学 | 473篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 52篇 |
2022年 | 76篇 |
2021年 | 94篇 |
2020年 | 154篇 |
2019年 | 142篇 |
2018年 | 103篇 |
2017年 | 169篇 |
2016年 | 160篇 |
2015年 | 124篇 |
2014年 | 212篇 |
2013年 | 286篇 |
2012年 | 292篇 |
2011年 | 226篇 |
2010年 | 173篇 |
2009年 | 246篇 |
2008年 | 243篇 |
2007年 | 229篇 |
2006年 | 191篇 |
2005年 | 179篇 |
2004年 | 194篇 |
2003年 | 141篇 |
2002年 | 107篇 |
2001年 | 89篇 |
2000年 | 94篇 |
1999年 | 98篇 |
1998年 | 66篇 |
1997年 | 84篇 |
1996年 | 79篇 |
1995年 | 65篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 36篇 |
1992年 | 43篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有4658条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
1.
Synthesis,spectral investigation and development of tetrahedral copper(II) complexes as artificial metallonucleases and antimalarial agents 下载免费PDF全文
Seven new copper(II) complexes of type [Cu(A)(L)]?H2O (A = sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin; L = 5‐[(3‐chlorophenyl)diazenyl]‐4‐hydroxy‐1,3‐thiazole‐2(3H)‐thione) were synthesized and characterized using elemental and thermogravimetric analyses, and electronic, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Fourier transform infrared and liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopies. Tetrahedral geometry around copper is assigned in all complexes using EPR and electronic spectral analyses. All complexes were investigated for their interaction with herring sperm DNA utilizing absorption titration (Kb = 1.27–3.13 × 105 M?1) and hydrodynamic volume measurement studies. The studies suggest the classical intercalative mode of DNA binding. The cleavage reaction on pUC19 DNA was monitored by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that the Cu(II) complexes can more effectively promote the cleavage of plasmid DNA. The superoxide dismutase mimic activity of the complexes was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium assay, and the complexes catalysed the dismutation of superoxide at pH = 7.8 with IC50 values in the range 0.597–0.900 μM. The complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria. All the complexes are good cytotoxic agents and show LC50 values ranging from 5.559 to 11.912 µg ml?1. All newly synthesized Cu(II) complexes were also evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strain (IC50 = 0.62–2.0 µg ml?1). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Effect of additive length and chemistry on the morphology of blends of conjugated thiophenes and fullerene derivative acceptor molecules 下载免费PDF全文
Small molecule additives have been shown to increase the device efficiency of conjugated polymer (donor) and fullerene derivative (acceptor) based organic solar cells by modifying the morphology of the device active layer. In this paper we conduct a systematic study of how additives affect the donor‐acceptor morphology using molecular dynamics simulations of blends of thiophene‐based oligomers, mimicking poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) (P3DDT) or poly(2,2′:5′,2”‐3,3”‐didocyl‐terthiophene) (PTTT), and fullerene derivatives with additives of varying length and chemical functionalization, mimicking experimentally used additives like methyl ester additives, diiodooctane, and alkanedithiols. We find that functionalization of additives with end groups that are attracted to acceptor molecules are necessary to induce increased donor‐acceptor macrophase separation. In blends where acceptors intercalate between oligomer alkyl side chains, functionalized additives decrease acceptor intercalation. Functionalized additives with shorter alkyl segments increase acceptor macrophase separation more than additives with same chemical functionalization but longer alkyl segments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1046–1057 相似文献
3.
Proton conductivity of phosphoric acid derivative of fullerene 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The proton conductive property of methano [60] fullerene diphosphoric acid has been investigated under various humidity conditions at the temperature range between 15 and 45 °C. It shows proton conductivity as high as 10−2 S cm−1 at 25 °C under relative humidity of 95%. Thermal analyses including TG–DTA and thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDS) confirm that the compound is thermally stable up to 200 °C. Proton conduction of the compound depends very much on humidity or water content. The logarithmic conductivity at 25 °C is increased linearly with increasing relative humidity. The activation energy (Ea) estimated from the slope of log(σT) vs. 1/T is decreased from 1.08 to 0.52 eV, as the relative humidity is increased from 40% to 75%. The humidity dependence of conductivity is discussed in the light of the observed hydration isotherm. 相似文献
4.
5.
The finite-difference method is a numerical technique for obtaining approximate solutions to differential equations. The main
objective of the present study is to give a new aspect to the finite-difference method by using a variational derivative.
By applying this formulation, accurate values of the buckling loads of beams and frames with various end supports are obtained.
The performance of this formulation is verified by comparison with numerical examples in the literature
__________
Published in Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 7, pp. 139–144, July 2005. 相似文献
6.
Kayll Lake 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2004,36(5):1159-1169
The norms associated with the gradients of the two non-differential invariants of the Kerr vacuum are examined. Whereas both locally single out the horizons, their global behavior is more interesting. Both reflect the background angular momentum as the volume of space allowing a timelike gradient decreases with increasing angular momentum becoming zero in the degenerate and naked cases. These results extend directly to the Kerr-Newman geometry. 相似文献
7.
Takayuki Yaegashi Shinya Yodoya Masahiko Nakamura Hiroki Takeshita Katsuhiko Takenaka Tomoo Shiomi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(4):999-1007
Free‐radical homo‐ and copolymerization behavior of N,N‐diethyl‐2‐methylene‐3‐butenamide (DEA) was investigated. When the monomer was heated in bulk at 60 °C for 25 h without initiator, rubbery, solid gel was formed by the thermal polymerization. No such reaction was observed when the polymerization was carried out in 2 mol/L of benzene solution with with 1 mol % of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The polymerization rate (Rp) equation was Rp ∝ [DEA]1.1[AIBN]0.51, and the overall activation energy of polymerization was calculated 84.1 kJ/mol. The microstructure of the resulting polymer was exclusively a 1,4‐structure where both 1,4‐E and 1,4‐Z structures were included. From the product analysis of the telomerization with tert‐butylmercaptan as a telogen, the modes of monomer addition were estimated to be both 1,4‐ and 4,1‐addition. The copolymerizations of this monomer with styrene and/or chloroprene as comonomers were also carried out in benzene solution at 60 °C. In the copolymerization with styrene, the monomer reactivity ratios obtained were r1 = 5.83 and r2 = 0.05, and the Q and e values were Q = 8.4 and e = 0.33, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 999–1007, 2004 相似文献
8.
YangKeren LuShipan 《数学研究》1994,27(1):191-193
We introduce strong derivative, the corresponding Z-integrable and other related concepts. Also, we give an improved version of the fundamental theorem of calculus. 相似文献
9.
We prove equivalence of the definitions by the author and by Korevaar and Schoen of the Sobolev classes of mappings of a domain of an arithmetic n-dimensional space to a metric space. 相似文献
10.
The structure of the title adduct comprises a phenanthroline derivative 2-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline and a methanol.The composition of the crystalline adduct was characterized as C19H12N4.CH3OH.It belongs to orthorhombic system,space group Pna21 with a=1.3693(4)nm,b=2.2988(7)nm,c=0.51338(15)nm,V=1.6160(8)nm^3.Z=4,and final R1=0.0423.wR2=0.1012 .Crystal structure shows that all the 19 carbon atoms and 4 nitrogen atoms are coplanar.The bond length data indicated that a very extensive conjugation system was formed.This conjugation makes the compound being a potentially excellent energy transformer used for luminescent materials. 相似文献