ZnO nanowire lines and bundles: Template-deformation-guided alignment for patterned field-electron emitters

One-dimensional ZnO materials have been promising for field-emission (FE) application, but how to facially control the alignment of ZnO emitters is still a great challenge especially for patterned display application. Here, we report the fabrication of novel ZnO nanowire (NW) line and bundle arrays for patterned field-electron emitters. The effects of PS template size and heating time on the resulted ZnO nanoarrays were systematically studied. The deformation degree of PS templates was controlled and hence utilized to adjust the alignment of electrochemically deposited ZnO arrays. It was found that the length of NW lines and the density of NW bundles can effectively tuned by the PS template heating time. The optimal FE performance with turn-on electric field as low as of 4.4 V μm⁻¹ and the field-enhancement factor as high as of 1450 were achieved through decreasing the screening effect among the patterned field-electron emitters.     

Improved experimental tracking techniques for validating discrete element method simulations of tumbling mills

We report on further developments in the three-dimensional tracking of a particle deep within the tumbling ball charge of an experimental mill. The experimental X-ray program employing the use of bi-planar X-ray angiography now includes the tracking of a typical 6 mm bulk charge particle in three dimensions with a spatial resolution that is accurate to within 0.15 mm. The improved experimental tracking techniques presented were developed for the purpose of generating accurate three-dimensional particle trajectory data against which to validate a numerical method for the simulation of discrete media, namely the discrete element method (DEM). These improvements are complimented with techniques for comparing charge profiles between numerical DEM simulations and three-dimensional experimental trajectory data.     

Carbon nanotube assisted synthesis of CeO2 nanotubes

CeO₂ nanotubes have been synthesized facilely using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as templates by a liquid phase deposition method. The properties of the CeO₂ nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) as well as thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The obtained CeO₂ nanotubes with a polycrystalline face-centered cubic phase have a uniform diameter ranging from 40 to 50 nm. The CeO₂ nanotubes are composed of many tiny interconnected nanocrystallites of about 10 nm in size. The pretreatment of CNTs and calcination temperature were confirmed to be the crucial factors determining the formation of CeO₂ nanotubes. A possible formation mechanism has been suggested to explain the formation of CeO₂ nanotubes.     

Iminophosphines: synthesis, formation of 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[1,3]azaphosphol-3-ium salts and N-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-diphenylphosphinoylaniline, coordination chemistry and applications in platinum group catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions and hydrosilylations

The aprotic and protic bi- and multidentate iminophosphines 2-Ph₂PC₆H₄N=CR¹R² (R¹=H, R²=Ph=2a; R¹=Me R²=Ph=2b; R¹=H, R²=2-thienyl=2c; R¹=H, R²=C₆H₄-2-PPh₂=2d; R¹=H, R²=C₆H₄-2-OH=2e, R¹=H, R²=C₆H₄-2-OH-3-Bu^t=2f; R¹=H, R²=CH₂C(O)Me=2g) have been prepared by the acid catalyzed condensation of 2-(diphenylphosphino)aniline with the corresponding aldehyde–ketone. Iminophosphine 2d can be reduced with sodium cyanoborohydride to give the corresponding amino-diphosphine 2-Ph₂PC₆H₄N(H)CH₂C₆H₄-2-PPh₂ (2h). In the presence of a stoichiometric quantity of acid, 2-(diphenylphosphino)aniline reacts in an unexpected manner with benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, or acetophenone to give the corresponding 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[1,3]azaphosphol-3-ium salts and with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde to give N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-diphenylphosphinoylaniline, the latter of which has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, as its palladium dichloride derivative. The attempted condensation of 2-(diphenylphosphino)aniline with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde to give the corresponding pyridine-functionalized iminophosphine resulted in an unusual transformation involving the diastereoselective addition of two equivalents of aldehyde to give 1,2-dipyridin-2-yl-2-(o-diphenylphosphinoyl)phenylamino-ethanol, which has been characterized by a single-crystal X-ray structure determination. The bidentate iminophosphine 2-Ph₂PC₆H₄N=C(H)Ph reacts with [(cycloocta-1,5-diene)PdClX] X=Cl, Me) to give [Pd{2-Ph₂PC₆H₄N=C(H)Ph}ClX] and the imino-diphosphine 2-Ph₂PC₆H₄N=C(H)C₆H₄-PPh₂ reacts with [(cycloocta-1,5-diene)PdClMe] to give [Pd{2-Ph₂PC₆H₄N=C(H)C₆H₄---PPh₂}ClMe] and each has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The monobasic iminophosphine 2-Ph₂PC₆H₄N=C(Me)CH₂C(O)Me reacts with [Ni(PPh₃)₂Cl₂] in the presence of NaH to give the phosphino–ketoiminate complex [Ni{2-Ph₂PC₆H₄N=C(Me)CHC(O)Me}Cl], which has been structurally characterized. Mixtures of iminophosphines 2a–h and a palladium source catalyze the Suzuki cross coupling of 4-bromoacetophenone with phenyl boronic acid. The efficiency of these catalysts show a marked dependence on the palladium source, catalysts formed from [Pd₂(OAc)₆] giving consistently higher conversions than those formed from [Pd₂(dba)₃] and [PdCl₂(MeCN)₂]. Catalysts formed from neutral bi- and terdentate iminophosphines 2a–d gave significantly higher conversions than those formed from their monobasic counterparts 2e–f. Notably, under our conditions the conversions obtained with 2a–c compare favorably with those of the standards; catalysts formed from tris(2-tolyl)phosphine and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite and a source of palladium. In addition, mixtures of [Ir(COD)Cl]₂ and 2a–h are active for the hydrosilylation of acetophenone; in this case catalysts formed from monobasic iminophosphines 2e–f giving the highest conversions.     

The evolution of morphology of ordered porous TiO2 films fabricated from sol-gel method assisted ZnO nanorod template

Ordered porous TiO₂ films, including TiO₂ nanotube arrays, are fabricated by a sol-gel dip-coating approach via ZnO nanorod templates obtained from aqueous solution approach. The results indicate that the morphologies of ordered porous TiO₂ films have been great affected by the sol-gel dip-coating cycle number. Open-ended TiO₂ nanotube arrays can be obtained in optimum dip-coating cycle numbers. The TiO₂ nanotubes with the inner diameter matching well with the diameters of ZnO nanorods, are well assembled and separate each other. When the cycle number is less than this optimum value, no intact porous TiO₂ film can be obtained. As the cycle number is larger than this optimum value, an ordered porous TiO₂ film with many throughout holes is formed. The evolutive mechanism of ordered porous TiO₂ films is proposed.     

An investigation into the construction of molecular models by the template joining method

Summary The results of a wide-ranging investigation into some of the different methods available for performing the joining of templates to build molecular models show that the choice of algorithm can significantly affect the quality of the results obtained, and different algorithms are most suited to particular categories of join.     

水热合成CdS纳米晶体的形貌控制研究

研究了水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的化学控制，选择不同的络合试剂为模板,研究其对水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的影响.实验发现若以络合试剂乙二胺、甲胺为模板时，产品CdS晶体的形貌分别为（20～30） nm×（200～600） nm和（40～50） nm×（200～600） nm尺寸的纳米棒;而以络合试剂吡啶、 氨为模板时，产品CdS晶体的形貌分别为平均尺寸约30 nm和20 nm的纳米颗粒.用XRD、TEM、XPS、PL和Raman光谱等技术对所得CdS纳米棒进行了表征.同时对水热合成CdS纳米晶体形貌的模板控制机制进行了探讨，提出了一种水热合成CdS纳米棒的络合物结构诱导生长机理.     

模板组装Fe纳米线阵列及其微结构

铝在硫酸溶液中经直流阳极氧化,得到多孔铝阳极氧化膜(AAO). 以AAO膜为模板,通过交流电沉积的方法,在AAO模板孔内成功组装了Fe纳米线.TEM分析表明,Fe纳米线的长度约为2.5 μm,其长度分布十分均匀；粗细均匀,直径约为25 nm. XRD实验分析证实,所制备的Fe纳米线为α-Fe.选区电子衍射（SAED）实验分析表明,α-Fe纳米线具有单晶结构.     

高分子效应

用许多杰出的实例,从高分子骨架的机械支架作用、邻基效应、协同效应、模板聚合等诸方面探论了高分子效应。     

The scandium(III) ion as a template for the synthesis of a hexaazaSchiff base macrocyclic ligand

Summary The condensation of 2,6-diacetylpyridine andm-phenylenediamine in the presence of scandium(III) perchlorate as a template agent affords a new 20-membered macrocyclic complex of formula ScL(ClO₄)₃·4H₂O, whereL is Me₄ bzo ₂ pyo ₂[20]octaene-N₆.

---

Scandium(III) als Matrix für die Synthese eines makrocyclischen Hexaazaliganden

Zusammenfassung Die Kondensation von 2,6-Diacetylpyridin undm-Phenylendiamin in Gegenwart von Scandium(III)perchlorat als Matrix liefert einen neuen makrocyclischen Komplex der Zusammensetzung ScL(ClO₄)₃·4H₂O (L=Me₄ bzo ₂ pyo ₂[20]octaen-N₆).