A review on speciation of iodine-129 in the environmental and biological samples

As a long-lived beta-emitting radioisotope of iodine, ¹²⁹I is produced both naturally and as a result of human nuclear activities. At present time, the main part of ¹²⁹I in the environment originates from the human nuclear activity, especially the releases from the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, the ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I ratios have being reached to values of 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁴ in the environment from 10⁻¹² in the pre-nuclear era. In this article, we review the occurrence, sources, inventory, and concentration level of ¹²⁹I in environment and the method for speciation analysis of ¹²⁹I in the environment. Measurement techniques for the determination of ¹²⁹I are presented and compared. An overview of applications of ¹²⁹I speciation in various scientific disciplines such as radiation protection, waste depository, and environmental sciences is given. In addition, the bioavailability and radiation toxicity (dose to thyroid) of ¹²⁹I are discussed.     

Solid phase extraction for the speciation and preconcentration of inorganic selenium in water samples: A review

Selenium is an essential element for the normal cellular function of living organisms. However, selenium is toxic at concentrations of only three to five times higher than the essential concentration. The inorganic forms (mainly selenite and selenate) present in environmental water generally exhibit higher toxicity (up to 40 times) than organic forms. Therefore, the determination of low levels of different inorganic selenium species in water is an analytical challenge. Solid-phase extraction has been used as a separation and/or preconcentration technique prior to the determination of selenium species due to the need for accurate measurements for Se species in water at extremely low levels. The present paper provides a critical review of the published methods for inorganic selenium speciation in water samples using solid phase extraction as a preconcentration procedure. On the basis of more than 75 references, the different speciation strategies used for this task have been highlighted and classified. The solid-phase extraction sorbents and the performance and analytical characteristics of the developed methods for Se speciation are also discussed.     

四丁基氢氧化铵改性TiO_2的可见光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶法和四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAH)表面改性的方法制备出改性TiO2光催化剂(TBAH-TiO2).利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和表面光电压谱(SPS)等表征了催化剂的晶体结构、晶粒粒径和能带结构,并研究了其光催化活性.研究结果表明,TBAH-TiO2催化剂的表面主要存在NOx(x=1,2,3)物种,该物种能级(价带上0.20eV)产生了可见光响应,有效地促进了光生电子和光生空穴的分离,使催化剂的可见和紫外光催化活性显著提高,TBAH-TiO2催化剂降解对氯苯酚的可见光和紫外光催化活性分别是TiO2的2.6倍和1.7倍.     

Synthesis of water-soluble cystine C60 derivative with catalyst and its active oxygen radical scavenging ability

A novel water-soluble cystine C_(60)derivative was synthesized in the presence of the catalyst,tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH).The product was characterized by FT-IR,UV,~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,MS and elemental analysis.Furthermore,the scavenging ability to superoxygen anion radical O_2~(·-)and hydroxyl radical ~·OH was studied by chemiluminescence.It was found that cystine C_(60)derivative showed an excellent efficiency in eliminating superoxygen anion radical and hydroxyl radical.The 50% inhibition concentration(IC_(50))for superoxygen anion radical and hydroxyl radical were 0.167 and 0.008 mg/mL,respectively.