Breaks, cuts, and patterns

We generalize the concept of a break by considering pairs of arbitrary rounds. We show that a set of home-away patterns minimizing the number of generalized breaks cannot be found in polynomial time, unless P=NP. When all teams have the same break set, the decision version becomes easy; optimizing remains NP-hard.     

Metabolism of human insulin after subcutaneous administration: A possible means to uncover insulin misuse

The misuse of insulin for performance enhancement in sport or as toxic agent has frequently been reported in the past. In contrast to synthetic insulin analogues, the administration of recombinant human insulin is hardly recognized by mass spectrometry. The present study was designed to uncover the misuse of recombinant human insulin for doping control purposes as well as for forensic applications. It is hypothesized that an altered metabolite profile of circulating insulin prevails after subcutaneous administration due to exposure of insulin to epidermal proteases.     

运动针炙疗法治疗脑卒中48例临床观察

以运动针灸疗法治疗脑卒中偏瘫48例，取得了一定疗效。     

Optimizing strategic behaviour in a dynamic setting in professional team sports

This article develops a dynamic game-theoretic model of optimizing strategic behaviour by football (soccer) teams. Teams choose between defensive and attacking formations and between a non-violent and a violent playing style, and can vary these choices continuously throughout each match. Starting from the end of the match and working backwards, the teams’ optimal strategies conditional on the current state of the match are determined by solving a series of two-player non-cooperative subgames. Numerical simulations are used to explore the sensitivity of strategic behaviour to variations in the structural parameters. The analysis demonstrates that the strategic behaviour of football teams can be rationalized in accordance with game-theoretic principles of optimizing strategic behaviour by agents when payoffs are uncertain and interdependent.     

Complex dynamics in the distribution of players’ scoring performance in Rugby Union world cups

The evolution of the scoring performance of Rugby Union players is investigated over the seven rugby world cups (RWC) that took place from 1987 to 2011, and a specific attention is given to how they may have been impacted by the switch from amateurism to professionalism that occurred in 1995. The distribution of the points scored by individual players, _Ps$P_s$, ranked in order of performance were well described by the simplified canonical law _Ps∝(r+?)^−α$P_s\propto {(r+?)}^{-\alpha }$, where r$r$ is the rank, and ?$?$ and α$\alpha$ are the parameters of the distribution. The parameter α$\alpha$ did not significantly change from 1987 to 2007 (α=0.92±0.03)$(\alpha =0.92\pm 0.03)$, indicating a negligible effect of professionalism on players’ scoring performance. In contrast, the parameter ?$?$ significantly increased from ?=1.32$?=1.32$ for 1987 RWC, ?=2.30$?=2.30$ for 1999 to 2003 RWC and ?=5.60$?=5.60$ for 2007 RWC, suggesting a progressive decrease in the relative performance of the best players. Finally, the sharp decreases observed in both α(α=0.38)$\alpha (\alpha =0.38)$ and ?(?=0.70)$?(?=0.70)$ in the 2011 RWC indicate a more even distribution of the performance of individuals among scorers, compared to the more heterogeneous distributions observed from 1987 to 2007, and suggest a sharp increase in the level of competition leading to an increase in the average quality of players and a decrease in the relative skills of the top players. Note that neither α$\alpha$ nor ?$?$ significantly correlate with traditional performance indicators such as the number of points scored by the best players, the number of games played by the best players, the number of points scored by the team of the best players or the total number of points scored over each RWC. This indicates that the dynamics of the scoring performance of Rugby Union players is influenced by hidden processes hitherto inaccessible through standard performance metrics; this suggests that players’ scoring performance is connected to ubiquitous phenomena such as anomalous diffusion.     

准对称流的混沌和共振流线

采用计算Melnikov函数的方法 ,研究了描述qth(q=3或 6 )准对称流流体粒子运动的动力系统 .文中在分析未扰动系统轨道解析表示的基础上 ,深入考察了扰动系统的分岔情况 .结果表明 ,扰动系统在一定条件下能够分支出混沌和共振流线 .     

Determination of benzimidazole- and bicyclic hydantoin-derived selective androgen receptor antagonists and agonists in human urine using LC–MS/MS

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) represent a novel class of drugs with tissue-specific agonistic and antagonistic properties, which are prohibited in sports from January 2008 according to the World Anti-Doping Agency. Preventive approaches to restrict the use of SARMs include early implementation of target analytes into doping control screening assays. Five model SARMs were synthesized, four of which are analogs to prostate-specific androgen receptor antagonists with a 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole nucleus. The fifth SARM is a muscle-tissue specific agonist with a bicyclic hydantoin structure (BMS-564929). Dissociation pathways after negative electrospray ionization were studied using an LTQ-Orbitrap mass analyzer, and diagnostic product ions and common fragmentation patterns were employed to establish a screening procedure that target the intact SARMs as well as putative metabolic products. Sample preparation based on solid-phase extraction and subsequent LC–MS/MS measurement allowed for detection limits of 1–20 ng/mL, intra- and interday precisions of between 2.4 and 13.2% and between 6.5 and 24.2%, respectively. Recoveries varied from 89 to 106%, and tests for ion suppression or enhancement effects were negative for all analytes. Figure Precursor ion scanning as a tool to screen for the common nucleus of benzimidazole-derived SARMs     

前脚掌硅胶鞋垫对女性下楼梯时足底压力影响研究

本研究旨在探究硅胶鞋垫对青年女性穿高跟鞋下楼梯时前脚掌的足底压力因素, 分析硅胶鞋垫对前脚掌压力的影响. 共选取了12名女性受试者, 在高跟鞋前掌部位放置不同的硅胶鞋垫, 发现前置垫硅胶鞋垫后, M4-5处(第4~5跖骨区)的峰值压力、峰值压强、接触面积和冲量均显著减小(P＜0.05), 非蜂窝状前脚掌垫与蜂窝状前脚掌垫相比, M4-5处的峰值压强、冲量和接触面积显著减小(P＜0.05), M2-3区(第2~3跖骨区)的接触面积也显著减小(P＜0.05). 结果表明女性穿着高跟鞋下楼梯时, 非蜂窝状前脚掌垫与蜂窝状相比对前脚掌外侧产生的压力更小, 考虑出现该情况是由2种硅胶鞋垫的不同结构、硬度、厚度和材料引起的, 其原理还需进一步探究.     

穿MBT鞋正常步速行走时足弓压力特征分析

为了解MBT鞋对足弓部位的功效, 用Novel Pedar-X鞋垫式足底压力测试系统对穿MBT鞋正常行走时足弓进行测量, 以峰值压力、峰值压强、接触面积来反映MBT对足弓的压力特征. 在正常速度步行时, 穿着MBT鞋、运动鞋、帆布鞋足弓内侧与足弓外侧区域峰值压力、峰值压强、接触面积依次减少, 且MBT鞋与运动鞋、帆布鞋在足弓内侧峰值压力存在非常显著的差异性, 足弓外侧只有MBT鞋与运动鞋有差异. MBT鞋与运动鞋、帆布鞋在足弓内侧的峰值压强都有差异; 足弓内侧与足弓外侧的接触面积是MBT与帆布鞋有差异. 结果显示, 穿MBT鞋步行时能对足弓起到支撑作用, 减少足底肌肉损伤, 防止筋膜炎的产生.     

运动鞋大底喷霜的能量色散X射线荧光分析

用X射线荧光能谱仪对运动鞋黑大底及其白嵌条和红嵌条表面喷霜物质进行采谱分析；其X射线荧光能谱图表明，黑大底及其白嵌条和红嵌条表面喷出物为钙、锌、硅、钛、铁元素的无机化合物和硫黄，这一结果对提高运动鞋大底质量提供了准确可靠的依据。