Triterpenoid Saponins from Schefflera arboricola

Four new triterpenoid saponins, named scheffarboside A – D ( 1 – 4 ), along with five known saponins were isolated from the stems of Schefflera arboricola. The structures of the four new saponins were determined as 3‐O‐(O‐β‐glucuronopyranosyl‐(1 → 3)‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐α‐arabinopyranosyl)oleanolic acid ( 1 ), 3‐O‐(O‐α‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐O‐α‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 3)‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐α‐arabinopyranosyl)oleanolic acid ( 2 ), 3‐O‐(O‐α‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐O‐α‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 3)‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐α‐arabinopyranosyl)hederagenin ( 3 ), 3‐O‐(O‐α‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐O‐α‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1 → 3)‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐α‐arabinopyranosyl)oleanolic acid O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐O‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐glucopyranosylester ( 4 ), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical degradation methods.     

Cytotoxic Components from the Leaves of Schefflera Taiwaniana

The isolation and identification of eighteen components from the leaves of Schefflera taiwaniana are presented. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data as well as direct comparison with authentic samples. These compounds include two polyacetylenes, one carotenoid‐like, three sesquiterpenes, one diterpene, four triterpenes, two tocopherols, and five alkyl 4‐hydroxycinnamate mixtures. Among these, 4‐hydroxy‐trans‐cinnamic acid docosyl ester and 4‐hydroxy‐cis‐cinnamic acid tetracosyl ester are new compounds. Some of these components exhibit cytotoxic activity.     

Simultaneous quantification of six major triterpenoid saponins in Schefflera kwangsiensis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to orbitrap mass spectrometry

A simple and accurate analytical method was developed for simultaneous and quantitative analysis of six triterpenoid saponins in Schefflera kwangsiensis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mass spectrometry (MS) in this study. Separation was performed on a Thermo hypersil GOLD C₁₈ column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm). A mobile phase consisting of methanol/acetonitrile/8 mM ammonium acetate in water was used with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The analytes were detected by MS with the electrospray ionisation (ESI) source combined with negative monitoring and full scan mode, and were analysed by extracted ion chromatography. This established HPLC-ESI-MS analysis demonstrated good linearity, sensitivity, stability, precision, accuracy and recovery. Therefore, this analytical method has great potential to be a novel tool to qualify S. kwangsiensis.     

New C20-gibberellin diterpene from the leaves of Schefflera sessiliflora De P. V.

From the leaves of Schefflera sessiliflora De P. V., one new C₂₀-gibberellin diterpene 2β,12β-dihydroxygibberellin (12β-hydroxy-GA₁₁₀ or 2β-hydroxy-GA₁₁₂) (1), together with three known compounds, trans-tiliroside (2), kaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside (3), 5-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid (4), was isolated for the first time from the genus Schefflera by various chromatography methods. Their structures were elucidated by IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, NMR 1D and 2D experiments and comparison with previous reported data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of all compounds was measured. The isolates (2, 3) showed better α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 134.60, 147.10 μM, respectively) than the standard drug acarbose (IC₅₀ = 214.50 μM).     

A new bibenzyl derivative with nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitory activity from Schefflera arboricola (Araliaceae)

A new bibenzyl derivative (1), 4-acetoxy-3,5,3′,4′-tetramethoxybibenzyl, along with eight known compounds (2–9), was isolated from the twigs and leaves of Schefflera arboricola (Araliaceae). The isolated compounds were elucidated mainly by means of one-dimensional, two-dimensional NMR and MS, and by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 2–5 and 7–9 are first reported from this plant. In the in vitro assays, compound 1 displayed moderate nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitory activity.     

Comparative analysis of essential oil composition from flower and leaf of Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot.

The essential oils from Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot. were obtained using hydrodistillation, and analysed by GC and GC–MS. A total of 31, 27 and 26 constituents were identified in the oils from male flower, female flower and leaf of M. kwangsiensis, and they comprised 99.2, 98.5 and 96.2% of the oils, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons predominated in the oils and accounted for 48.3% of male flower oil, 54.0% of female flower oil and 44.6% of leaf oil. The compositions of flower oils were quite similar but with different content, and were different from those of leaf oil.     

姜科植物长柄山姜及茴香砂仁精油原位拉曼光谱研究

常温下，将制备好的长柄山姜及茴香砂仁的水装片放在显微拉曼光谱仪的载物台上，寻找油细胞，并分析其中精油。长柄山姜油细胞上获得的拉曼光谱，较强峰出现在1 638，1 600，1 555，1 203和1 001 cm-1，次强峰出现在1 716，1 577，1 496，1 407，1 346，1 307，1 273，1 181，1 156，1 029，958，618和218 cm-1共获得26条光谱线，与肉桂酸甲酯拉曼光谱的29条谱线比较，长柄山姜油细胞有22条谱线与之有对应关系；茴香砂仁油细胞上获得的拉曼光谱较强峰出现在1 648，1 639，1 607，1 174，842和836 cm-1，次强峰出现在1 292，1 244，1 235，1 204和631 cm-1共获得24条光谱线，与4-烯丙基苯甲醚的拉曼光谱在300～1 700 cm-1区间内的29条谱线比较，茴香砂仁油细胞有23条谱峰与之有对应关系。说明长柄山姜挥发油的主要成分是肉桂酸甲酯，茴香砂仁挥发油的主要成分为4-烯丙基苯甲醚。用密度泛函理论计算了肉桂酸甲酯、4-烯丙基苯甲醚的拉曼光谱，并对谱线进行了初步的归属。姜科植物油细胞中精油不需提取就可直接快速的检测，用此方法可对姜科植物精油的提取进行质量控制及开发研究。     

密脉鹅掌柴中三萜类新化合物12α,13-二羟基齐墩果烷-3酮-28酸和新细胞周期抑制剂齐墩果酮酸

12α, 13-Dihydroxyolean-3-oxo-28-oic acid (1), a new pentacyclic triterpene, was isolated from Scheffiera venulosa (Wight et Am.) Harms through a bioassay-guided fractionafion procedure, together with the known oleanonic acid (2) as a new cell cycle inhibitor. Structures were estabfished by spectroscopy. Compound 2 inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells with the IC50 value of 0.13 lamol/mL by the SRB method and inhibited the cell cycle of tsFT210 cells at the G0/G1 phase at the concentration higher than 10 μg/mL.     

桂郁金与桂莪术挥发油的色谱指纹图谱比较

应用化学计量学方法对中药桂郁金与桂莪术挥发油的色谱指纹图谱进行了比较分析。对样品特征峰数据进行奇异值分解,提取第一主成分抽象光谱后,以固定色谱窗口尺寸的另一样品数据构造正交投影阵,用提取的抽象光谱进行投影,移动窗口获取投影残差长度,判定两样品中有无相同的化学成分。经比较,桂郁金和桂莪术的指纹图谱中分别有11和7种化学成分单独存在,两者共有的化学成分有27种。     

Quantitative analysis of acankoreoside A and acankoreagenin in the leaves of Schefflera octophylla and Schefflera actinophylla using pressurized liquid extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection

A rapid method based on pressurized liquid extraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection was firstly developed for the quantitative analysis of two bioactive triterpenoids (acankoreoside A and acankoreagenin) in the leaves of Schefflera octophylla and Schefflera actinophylla. The analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB‐Aq column (4.6 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm) with gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. Calibration curves of two analytes showed good linearity (R² > 0.9990) within the tested ranges. This novel method is simple, rapid and accurate, and the results of quantification showed that contents of each investigated compound is significant high in natural S. octophylla (6.36–14.83%), which indicated that natural S. octophylla as potential medicinal resource. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering analysis based on the typical peaks of acankoreoside A and acankoreagenin from the 17 tested samples showed that natural and cultured Schefflera species were in different clusters, which could provide a means of discriminating between Schefflera species from different origins. Thus, acankoreoside A and acankoreagnin could be selected markers for quality control of S. octophylla and S. actinophylla.