Effect of high intensity ultrasound on gelation properties of silver carp surimi with different salt contents

Surimi from silver carp with different salt contents (0–5%) was obtained treated by high intensity ultrasound (HIU, 100 kHz 91 W·cm⁻²). The gelation properties of samples were evaluated by puncture properties, microstructures, water-holding capacity, dynamic rheological properties and intermolecular interactions. As the salt content increased from 0 to 5%, gel properties of surimi without HIU significantly improved. For samples with low-salt (0–2% NaCl) content, HIU induced obvious enhancement in breaking force and deformation. HIU promoted the protein aggregation linked by SS bonds, hydrophobic interactions and non-disulfide covalent bonds in surimi gels with low-salt content. Moreover, microstructures of HIU surimi gels with low-salt content were more compact than those of the corresponding control samples. HIU also improved the gelation properties of surimi with 3% NaCl to an extent. However, for high-salt (4–5% NaCl) samples, HIU decreased the breaking force and deformation of surimi gels due to the degradation of proteins suggested by increased TCA-soluble peptides. In conclusion, HIU effectively improved the gelation properties of surimi with low-salt content (0–2% NaCl), but was harmful for high-salt (4–5% NaCl) surimi. This might provide the theoretical basis for the production of low-salt surimi gels.     

Fiber-optic reflex sensor for in-line production measurement

The paper describes experiments concerning distance measurement with fiber-optic sensor and improvement of the measurement principle. The sensor probe was well-designed with a small structure and multi-function. The novel optical fiber probe arrangement as well as the possibilities of use for complex measurement problems are explained using the measurement of an internal screw thread as an example. The experimental results show that the measurement uncertainty of the thread minor diameter can reach ±10 μm, and the stability of the measurement system is better than 0.07%.     

An enantioselective Michael addition of malonate to nitroalkenes catalyzed by low loading demethylquinine salts in water

An enantioselective Michael addition of malonate to nitroalkenes is efficiently catalyzed by low loading demethylquinine salts in water; the yield range from 49% to 93% and the ee up to 90%.     

中性盐对谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的影响机制

通过不同阳离子和不同阴离子对唾液链球菌嗜热亚种(Streptococcus salivariussub sp.thermophilus)谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的影响以及NaNO3对不同蛋白质浓度的谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的影响进行考察,结果表明:中性盐对谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的影响不是由于增加蛋白质亚基间的疏水作用引起的,而可能是由中性盐对谷氨酸脱羧酶活性的弱抑制作用与中性盐增加了谷氨酸脱羧酶的胶体体系稳定性共同作用所致,同时还可能与中性盐降低了反应体系CO2的溶解度有关.     

Stationary phase properties of the organic molten salt ethylpyridinium bromide in gas chromatography

Summary The organic molten salt, 1-ethylpyridinium bromide, is suitable for use as a stationary phase in gas chromatography. It has a usable liquid temperature range of 110 to 160°C. It undergoes a single phase transition at 110°C which corresponds to the bulk melting point. Below the melting point the phase may be used as a selective adsorbent, although column efficiency and peak symmetry deteriorate as the temperature is lowered from the melting point. Above the melting point, ethylpyridinium bromide can be used to separate a wide variety of organic compounds retaining strongly those compounds possessing large dipole or hydrogen bonding functional groups.     

稀土在熔盐被覆铬碳化物中的作用研究

研究了熔盐被覆铬碳化物的工艺过程，着重探讨了稀土对Ｔ１２Ａ钢熔盐渗铬的催渗及微合金化作用机理。结果表明，在加入稀土的熔盐中渗中提高渗速３０％－５６％，同时还能提高工件表面的抗氧化和耐腐蚀性能以及工件的使用寿命。     

甲醇—乙醇—水—盐体系的等压气液平衡

木文采用CPⅡ型沸点仪测定了在93.33kPa下甲醇-乙醇-水-盐(NaCl,NaBr,Nal,LiCl,CaCl_2)体系的气液平衡数据。实验证明,当三元混合溶剂的相对组成固定时,体系的沸点与加入的盐量呈线性关系,用热力学理论导出了该线性方程,用Gibbs相律探讨了该线性关系的起因。     

面向化妆品产业升级的江南大学应用化学专业建设思考与实践

Based on the development prospect of cosmetics industry, the advantage of light industry characteristic and the foundation of applied chemistry in Jiangnan University, a systematic upgrading of applied chemistry was carried out through "emerging engineering education (3E)" project "upgrade and practice of chemistry-related majors of local and/or trade university responding to the social developments" supported by the Ministry of Education. On the basis of investigation and analysis, the orientation and training goal of applied chemistry were updated first, and then the curriculum system was determined and the curriculum construction is strengthened, so as to achieve more distinctive characteristics, more solid foundation and more comprehensive quality. In view of the new requirements of the 3E for talent training, some practices have been formed in the aspects of multi-disciplinary integration, multi-angle coordination and close integration to industry. Contributing the development of cosmetics industry and seizing the commanding point of science and technology from the perspective of talent training, will play a unique role in human social progress.     

SIAmate-a compact and modular sequential injection analysis controller

A number of sequential injection analysis (SIA) measurement methods have been developed during the last years. Almost all have been used in laboratory conditions with good results, but very few have been implemented as on-line methods, applied to non-stop measurements, producing immediate results for process control. The transfer of an SIA system from laboratory to an industrial facility [J. Ruzicka, Anal. Chim. Acta 261 (1992) 3] requires a whole new range of details to be taken into account. Some SIA platform related topics will be discussed. There are numerous ways of building an SIA system that meets the needs of the industry. One alternative, SIAmate, is presented.     

定标粒子理论计算非水溶液的盐效应常数

本文应用定标粒子理论计算了非电解质溶质在盐(NaI、或KI)和环丁砜组成的非水电解质溶液中溶解度的盐效应常数。硬球作用项采用Masterton-Lee的方法。软球作用项采用胡英等的径向分布函数处理方法, 并考虑进了偶极-偶极、偶极-诱导偶极、电荷-偶极和电荷-诱导偶极等相互作用。分子的硬球直径σ和能量参数∈/k由经验方程计算。由理论值和实验结果比较得出: 当σ_2取0.563 nm、离子半径取电子密度标度时, 理论值与实验值符合得较好。