O/W Moisturizing Emulsions with Saccharose Palmitate and Saccharose Stearate

The ability of two saccharose esters, saccharose palmitate (SMP) and saccharose stearate (SMS), to form lamellar structure in oil/water/glyceryl stearate mixtures was investigated through ternary phase diagrams. Three different oils have been tested: fluid paraffin, C12‐15 alkylbenzoate, and cetearyl octanoate. On the basis of the phase behaviors several emulsions with liquid crystalline structure were obtained and then characterized. Furthermore the most stable ones were added with a moisturizing active, lauryl pyrrolidone (LP), or sodium‐D,Lpyroglutamate (PCA). After the addition, the stability of the emulsions was assessed: It was observed that PCA‐containing emulsions resulted as less stable compared to LP‐containing ones.     

Degree of Complexation of Anticoagulant Rodenticides with Human Serum Albumin: Effect of Saccharose and Sodium

A theoretical treatment has been developed to describe association between rodenticides and human serum albumin (HSA). The degree of complexation n_c (the amount (%) of complexed guest) and the association constant (K) for rodenticide–HSA binding were determined. Enthalpy–entropy compensation was also investigated in relation to this mathematical model to confirm rodenticide binding behavior with HSA. The role of the sodium cation and saccharose in this association were also analyzed. As expected for a salting-out agent, addition of Na⁺ cation to the mobile phase led to enhancement of n_c and K values by increasing the hydrophobic effect. When saccharose was increased above a critical x_c value equal to 4 mM, a decrease of the association constant and the degree of complexation was observed, owing to reduction of the radius of curvature of the HSA cavity.     

Entirely green protocol for the synthesis of β-aminoketones using saccharose as a homogenous catalyst

Saccharose was applied as an efficient and homogenous catalyst for a one-pot, three-component Mannich reaction for the formation of β-aminoketones from aromatic aldehydes, anilines, and acetophenone at ambient temperature in excellent yields. This protocol has the following advantages: mild conditions, high yields, clean reaction profiles, operational simplicity, and environmentally benign and simple work-up procedures.