核黄素光敏损伤溶菌酶的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究

在315~375 nm波长光照射下核黄素能够造成溶菌酶的光敏损伤, 通过十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对稳态产物的研究分析发现, 溶菌酶的光敏损伤途径和损伤产物与核黄素浓度、光照时间、体系的气氛等密切相关. 在氮气气氛下为Ⅰ型光敏损伤机制; 在有氧条件下溶菌酶的损伤是Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型反应协同作用的结果, 并以Ⅱ型反应为主. 初步考察了褪黑激素等抗氧化剂对溶菌酶的保护作用.     

A comparative study of CE-SDS,SDS-PAGE,and Simple Western: Influences of sample preparation on molecular weight determination of proteins

The development of capillary electrophoresis, especially CE-SDS devices, has led CE-SDS to become an established tool in a wide range of applications in the analysis of biopharmaceuticals and is increasingly replacing its method of origin, SDS-PAGE. The goal of this study was to evaluate the comparability of molecular weight (MW) determination especially by CE-SDS and SDS-PAGE. For ensuring comparability, model proteins that have little or no posttranslational modifications and an IgG antibody were used. Only a minor influence of sample preparation conditions, including sample buffer, temperature conditions, and different reducing agents on the MW determination were found. In contrast, the selection of the MW marker plays a decisive role in determining the accurate apparent MW of a protein. When using different MW markers, the deviation in MW determination can exceed 10%. Interestingly, CE-SDS and 10% SDS-PAGE hardly differ in their trueness of MW determination. The trueness in relation to the reference MW for each protein was calculated. Although the trueness values for the model proteins considered range between 1.00 and 1.11 using CE-SDS, they range between 0.93 and 1.03 on SDS-PAGE, depending on the experimental conditions chosen.     

多维离子交换色谱分离和串联质谱鉴定在小鼠肝脏膜蛋白质组分析中的应用

膜蛋白质在变性剂作用下能够较充分地溶解。根据这一特点,我们试图在变性剂溶液中采用串联离子交换色谱法分离小鼠肝脏膜蛋白质。将小鼠肝脏膜蛋白质溶解于含有4 mol/L尿素,20 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)-盐酸缓冲液(pH 9.0)中,用Q-Sepharose FF和Sephacryl S-200HR树脂组成的色谱柱结合大部分溶解的膜蛋白质,然后采用氯化钠线性梯度洗脱蛋白质,分步收集后采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)进一步分离洗脱组分的蛋白质。利用胶内胰蛋白酶消化技术将SDS-PAGE胶内分离的蛋白质降解为相应的肽段,然后以反相高效液相色谱分离和离子阱质谱仪鉴定肽段。根据文献报道和蛋白质的功能分类,在所鉴定的392个蛋白质中有306个可能为膜蛋白质或膜结合蛋白质。蛋白质的疏水性计算表明,GRAVY(grand average of hydropathicity)得分大于或等于0.00的蛋白质有83个。综上所述,我们有理由认为本实验方法基本符合小鼠肝脏膜蛋白质组学研究的要求。     

The development of an integrated platform to identify breast cancer glycoproteome changes in human serum

Protein glycosylation represents one of the major post-translational modifications and can have significant effects on protein function. Moreover, changes in the carbohydrate structure are increasingly being recognized as an important modification associated with cancer etiology. In this report, we describe the development of a proteomics approach to identify breast cancer related changes in either concentration and/or the carbohydrate structures of glycoprotein(s) present in blood samples. Diseased and healthy serum samples were processed by an optimized sample preparation protocol using multiple lectin affinity chromatography (M-LAC) that partitions serum proteins based on glycan characteristics. Subsequently, three separate procedures, 1D SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing and an antibody microarray, were applied to identify potential candidate markers for future study. The combination of these three platforms is illustrated in this report with the analysis of control and cancer glycoproteomic fractions. Firstly, a molecular weight based separation of glycoproteins by 1D SDS-PAGE was performed, followed by protein, glycoprotein staining, lectin blotting and LC–MS analysis. To refine or confirm the list of interesting glycoproteins, isoelectric focusing (targeting sialic acid changes) and an antibody microarray (used to detect neutral glycan shifts) were selected as the orthogonal methods. As a result, several glycoproteins including alpha-1B-glycoprotein, complement C3, alpha-1-antitrypsin and transferrin were identified as potential candidates for further study.     

SDS-PAGE study on photooxidation damage of lysozyme induced by riboflavin

The photooxidation damage of lysozyme under 315-375 nm irradiation in the presence of riboflavin was studied by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).Indica- tions showed that the mechanisms and products of oxidative damage were relative to the concentra- tion of riboflavin,the time of irradiation and the ambience.The type I process was examined in a nitrogen saturated solution,whereas both type I and type II were observed in an aerobic atmosphere and type II was the dominant process.The study also suggested that antioxidants,such as melatonin, can reduce the damage of lysozyme effectively.     

Comparison of three methods for fractionation and enrichment of low molecular weight proteins for SELDI-TOF-MS differential analysis

In most diseases, the clinical need for serum/plasma markers has never been so crucial, not only for diagnosis, but also for the selection of the most efficient therapies, as well as exclusion of ineffective or toxic treatment. Due to the high sample complexity, prefractionation is essential for exploring the deep proteome and finding specific markers.In this study, three different sample preparation methods (i.e., highly abundant protein precipitation, restricted access materials (RAM) combined with IMAC chromatography and peptide ligand affinity beads) were investigated in order to select the best fractionation step for further differential proteomic experiments focusing on the LMW proteome (MW inferior to 40,000 Da). Indeed, the aim was not to cover the entire plasma/serum proteome, but to enrich potentially interesting tissue leakage proteins. These three methods were evaluated on their reproducibility, on the SELDI-TOF-MS peptide/protein peaks generated after fractionation and on the information supplied.The studied methods appeared to give complementary information and presented good reproducibility (below 20%). Peptide ligand affinity beads were found to provide efficient depletion of HMW proteins and peak enrichment in protein/peptide profiles.     

浙江萧山、舟山和福建集美臭鼩血红蛋白、血清蛋白电泳比较研究

本文用血红蛋白的薄层等电聚焦技术对浙江萧山、舟山和福建集美的三地臭鼩进行比较,结果显示:大陆(萧山与集美)和海岛(舟山)之间的带谱存在差异.大陆有6条区带,海岛的带谱变化较大,存在四种不同类型.用血清蛋白的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术和血清蛋白的薄层等电聚焦技术对上述三地臭鼩的分析表明:海岛个体血清蛋白的成份和在血液中相对含量较大陆为少,而大陆萧山和集美的血清蛋白在血液中的相对含量和成份亦略有不同.     

OFFGEL isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of platinum-binding proteins

In this work a 2D electrophoretic separation procedure able to maintain the integrity of platinum-protein bonds has been developed. The method is based on the use of sequential OFFGEL isoelectric focussing (IEF) and PAGE. A systematic study of the reagents used for PAGE, for OFFGEL-IEF separation, and post-separation treatment of gels (such as enzymatic digestion and sample preparation for MS analysis) was tackled regarding their suitability for the identification of platinum binding proteins using standard proteins incubated with cisplatin. The distribution of platinum in high and low molecular weight fractions (separated by cut-off filters) was determined by ICP-MS, which allows evaluating platinum-protein bond stability under the conditions studied. SDS-PAGE in the absence of β-mercaptoethanol or dithiotreitol preserved the platinum-protein bonds. In addition, neither the influence of the electric field during the electrophoretic separation, nor the processes of fixing, staining and destaining of proteins in the gel did result in the loss of platinum from platinum binding proteins. SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions provides separation of platinum-binding proteins in very narrow bands with quantitative recoveries. Different amounts of platinum-bound proteins covering the range 0.3-2.0 μg were separated and mineralised for platinum determination, showing good platinum linearity. Limits of detection for a mixture of five standard proteins incubated with cisplatin were between the range of 2.4 and 13.9 pg of platinum, which were satisfactory for their application to biological samples. Regarding OFFGEL-IEF, a denaturing solution without thiourea and without dithiotreitol is recommended. The suitability of the OFFGEL-IEF for the separation of platinum binding proteins of a kidney cytosol was demonstrated.     

Physical and chemical properties of tussah silk fibroin films

Physical and chemical structure, as well as thermal behavior of solution-cast regenerated films, prepared from tussah (Antheraea pernyi) silk fibroin, were compared with those of solution-cast native films, in order to ascertain whether treatment (degumming, dissolution) used for preparation affected their properties. Regenerated fibroin films exhibited a higher thermal stability than native ones, as shown by differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical behavior. Glass transition temperature and other relevant thermal transitions of the regenerated silk specimen shifted to higher temperatures compared with those of native specimen. Molecular conformation and crystalline structure did not show significant differences between the two kinds of silk films. Amino acid composition and molecular weight, however, distribution changed markedly after dissolving tussah silk fibroin fiber in concentrated LiSCN in polypeptide size was the main features for the regenerated silk fibroin. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Immobilisation of a repressor protein for binding of plasmid DNA

The use of plasmid DNA in gene therapy and genetic vaccination has increased the need for scalable and sustainable production processes. One key challenge for bioprocess engineering is the separation of plasmid DNA from structurally related impurities. Affinity purification procedures allow a highly selective capturing of the target molecule. In this paper, we present the isolation of a his-tagged lac repressor, its non-covalent immobilisation to different matrices and binding of DNA, thus enabling us to screen for combinations of ligands and stationary phases by using a building block principle.